Home Database Mysql Tutorial Oracle教程:重做日志文件基本维护

Oracle教程:重做日志文件基本维护

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:13 PM

重做日志文件最重要的用途就是用来恢复数据(其实你也可以用来logminer),它记录着system global area(sga)当中的database bu

重做日志文件最重要的用途就是用来恢复数据(其实你也可以用来logminer),它记录着system global area(sga)当中的database buffer cache(高速缓存区)的所有变更信息,记录到log buffer;不过在某些特殊情况下比如sqlldr direct等直接写入操作例外,这些例外将不会被记录。因此,使用redo log在实例崩溃情况下来恢复尚未写入数据文件的的数据。
针对每个实例,只有一个写进程LGWR;重做日志文件建议至少两个组,每个组至少两个成员文件,同一个组内的成员之间是内容相同的副本拷贝,同组内的成员大小保持一致,当然建议所有的成员大小都一致,为了避免相关的LGWR等待影响数据库性能,一个比较有用的建议是将成员文件在物理磁盘上分散存放。
提到重做日志文件不得不提到重做日志缓存区log buffer,以及一个重要的进程LGWR日志写进程,该进程负责建log buffer的内容写入到redo logfile,具体的触发条件如下:
◆ 当发出commit命令的时候
◆ 当log buffer的空间写满到1/3的时候或者当log buffer的空间写满1MB的记录的时候
◆ 当每3秒钟超时的时候
◆ 当DBWn需要写入数据文件的操作之前的时候
◆ 当切换日志文件的时候
0. 查看日志文件
SELECT group#, sequence#, bytes, members, status  FROM v$log;--组号、序列号、大小、成员数量、状态【UNUSED-从未使用过;CURRENT-当前使用中;ACTIVE-活动的,,进行恢复的使用将会被用到;INACTIVE-非活动的;CLEARING_CURRENT-正在清除当前日志文件中已经关闭的线程;CLEARING-类似的,在执行ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE之后将被清空为空日志之后将转化为UNUSED】
select * from v$logfile;--状态【INVALID-该文件不可访问;STALE-该文件内容不完全,比如正在添加一个文件成员;DELETED-该文件不再被使用;空白-正在使用】
SELECT groups, current_group#, sequence# FROM v$thread;--组数量、当前组、序列号
1. 查看log buffer
show parameter log_buffer
伴随着重做日志而来的还有一个重要的信息,那就是是否将日志文件进行归档。数据库可以运行在归档模式(archivelog)和非归档模式(noarchivelog)下。
2. 查看归档模式
archive log list;
select log_mode from v$database;
select archiver from v$instance;
3. 归档方式切换
为了简单,这里使用Oracle 10g来演示。
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue May 8 15:49:39 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           No Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Disabled
Archive destination           /u01/oracle/10g/arch
Oldest online log sequence     158
Current log sequence           160
--目前未归档,我们要切换为归档,首先设置归档目录
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/oracle/10g/arch' scope=spfile;

System altered.
--关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
--启动实例mount状态
SQL> startup mount;    
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1610612736 bytes
Fixed Size            2096632 bytes
Variable Size          469762568 bytes
Database Buffers     1124073472 bytes
Redo Buffers           14680064 bytes
Database mounted.
--打开归档模式
SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.
--打开数据库
SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.
--检查归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Enabled
Archive destination           /u01/oracle/10g/arch
Oldest online log sequence     158
Next log sequence to archive   160
Current log sequence           160

--手工切换日志文件
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Enabled
Archive destination           /u01/oracle/10g/arch
Oldest online log sequence     159
Next log sequence to archive   161
Current log sequence           161
SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Enabled
Archive destination           /u01/oracle/10g/arch
Oldest online log sequence     160
Next log sequence to archive   162
Current log sequence           162

SQL> alter system archive log current;

System altered.

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Enabled
Archive destination           /u01/oracle/10g/arch
Oldest online log sequence     161
Next log sequence to archive   163
Current log sequence           163


--切换为非归档模式
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1610612736 bytes
Fixed Size            2096632 bytes
Variable Size          469762568 bytes
Database Buffers     1124073472 bytes
Redo Buffers           14680064 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database noarchivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode           No Archive Mode
Automatic archival           Disabled
Archive destination           /u01/oracle/10g/arch
Oldest online log sequence     158
Current log sequence           160

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