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Oracle_C# 实现 Oracle Text(全文检索)的一个简单例子

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:15 PM

Oracle 全文检索主要针对 CLOB 或 XMLTYPE 类型的字段,当然 varchar2 也可以,XMLTYPE 本质上也是 CLOB。本文是用 C# 实现 Orac

本文内容

  • Oracle 全文检索
  • 参考资料
  • 修改记录
  •  

    Oracle 全文检索

    Oracle 全文检索主要针对 CLOB 或 XMLTYPE 类型的字段,当然 varchar2 也可以,XMLTYPE 本质上也是 CLOB。

    本文是用 C# 实现 Oracle Text(Oracle 全文检索)的一个简单例子,旨在初步了解 Oracle 全文检索的大概步骤,你可以此基础上扩展,进行进一步的学习。Oracle 全文检索的步骤如下:

    (1) 授权相应 Oracle 用户具有全文检索的权限;

    (2) 建表并插入数据;

    (3) 建立索引。如果想配置 Oracle 全文检索的索引,可以在建立索引前进行配置,如:改变词法分析器。可以用下面 SQL 语句查看 Oracle 全文检索的配置情况:

    SELECT * FROM CTX_PREFERENCES;

    (4) 用 SQL 语句在全文检索中进行检索;

    (5) 索引维护:同步与优化。

     

    授权

    执行全文的用户必须具有 CTXAPP角色 或 CTXSYS用户,以及 CTX_DDL包 执行权限。

    (1) 用 SYS用户 授予 SCOTT 用户 CTXAPP 角色,命令如下:

    GRANT CTXAPP TO SCOTT;

    (2) 用 CTXSYS 用户 给 SCOTT 用户 授权 CTX_DDL 包的执行权限,命令如下:

    CTX_DLL TO SCOTT;

     

    创建表、插入记录和创建全文检索索引

    以下 SQL 语句和 JOB 都在 SCOTT 用户下执行。

    首先,执行下面 SQL,创建 DOCS 表,并插入两条记录,提交后创建索引 doc_index。

    DOCS (id NUMBER doc_index ON DOCS(text) INDEXTYPE IS CTXSYS.CONTEXT;

     

    用 SQL 语句在全文检索中进行检索

    可以使用下面 SQL 语句进行检索:

    SELECT ID FROM DOCS WHERE CONTAINS(TEXT,'%FIRST%')>0

    其中,">0" 是有效的 Oracle SQL 必需的,因为,Oracle SQL 不支持函数布尔返回值,即 "CONTAINS(TEXT,'%FIRST%')>0"。但是在 Oracle 9i 和 10g 与 11g 下有所不同。

    若用 C# 执行,则如下:

    string connStr="Data Source=ora9; uid=scott; pwd=tiger; unicode=true"; string sqlStr = "SELECT ID FROM DOCS WHERE CONTAINS(TEXT,'%FIRST%')>0";OracleDataAdapter da = new OracleDataAdapter(sqlStr, connStr);DataTable dt = new DataTable();da.Fill(dt);Response.Write(dt.Rows[0][0].ToString());

    说明:

    最近做项目从 Oracle 10g 改成 11g,在进行全文检索时,Oracle 10g 下的代码,在 11g 下检索不到结果。初步认为,Oracle 9i 和 10g 与 11g 的区别是,在 9i 和 10g 下,如果不使用“%”,则是精确检索,否则是模糊检索。而在 11g 下,则完全不用“%”。

    另外,在 9i 和 10g 下,可以使用如下 SQL,进行检索:

    CONTAINS(TEXT,'%FIRST% AND %second%')>0

    但在 11g 下不可以,要分开写:

    CONTAINS(TEXT,'%FIRST%')>0 AND CONTAINS(TEXT,'%second%')>0;

    感觉 11g 下的全文检索更好。

     

    同步和优化

    当 DOCS 表发生变化(插入,删除)后,索引也必须能反应这个变化,这就需要对索引进行同步和优化。可以使用下面的 job 来完成 Oracle ctx 的同步和优化。

  • 同步 sync
  • 将新的 term 保存到 I 表。

    ||;||;end sync;

  • 优化
  • 清除 I 表的垃圾,将已经被删除的 term 从 I 表删除。

    declarev_job number;beginDbms_Job.Submit(job => v_job,what => 'sync;',next_date => sysdate, /* default */interval => 'sysdate + 1/720' /* = 1 day / ( 24 hrs * 30 min) = 2 mins */);Dbms_Job.Run ( v_job );end;

    其中,I 表是 dr$doc_index$i 表。用户建立索引后,,Oracle 会自动创建四个表,dr$doc_index$i、dr$doc_index$k、dr$doc_index$n 和 dr$doc_index$r。可以用 SELECT 语句查看此表的内容。

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