Home Database Mysql Tutorial 安装并使用 PostgreSQL 的扩展模块

安装并使用 PostgreSQL 的扩展模块

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:15 PM

在这篇文章中,我们将学习如何安装并使用 PostgreSQL 的模块,包括 chkpass, fuzzystrmatch, isn 和 hstore. 模块为数据库增加不

在这篇文章中,我们将学习如何安装并使用 PostgreSQL 的模块,包括 chkpass, fuzzystrmatch, isn 和 hstore. 模块为数据库增加不同的功能,例如管理和监控工具、新的数据类型、操作符、函数和算法等等。我们将测试增加数据类型和算法的模块,这些模块可以让数据库具备应用的逻辑。

PostgreSQL 被称为是“最高级的开源数据库”,过去4年我一直在 foodlets.in 上使用它,以及 CSTEP (Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy) 上做空间数据存储。PostgreSQL 是一个不会让我失望的数据库。

安装模块

注意: 我的运行环境是 Ubuntu 10.04 和 PostgreSQL 8.4

首先安装 postgresql-contrib 包并重启数据库服务器,然后检查 contrib 目录看是否包含一些可用模块:

 

1 sudo apt-get install postgresql-contrib

2 sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.4 restart

3 cd /usr/share/postgresql/8.4/contrib/

4 ls

然后我们创建一个名为 module_test 的数据库:

 

1 su postgres

2 createdb module_test

然后我们将模块 chkpass, fuzzystrmatch, isn 和 hstore 应用到 module_test 数据库,执行下面命令即可:

 

1 psql -d module_test -f chkpass.sql

2 psql -d module_test -f fuzzystrmatch.sql

3 psql -d module_test -f isn.sql

4 psql -d module_test -f hstore.sql

接下来,我们来看看每个模块是如何使用的。

使用 chkpass

chkpass 模块引入一个新的数据类型 “chkpass” 这个类型用来存储一个加密的字段,例如密码。使用方法可以从下面的 SQL 里看到,存入 chkpass 字段的字符串会自动进行加密:

 

1 CREATE TABLE accounts (username varchar (100), password chkpass);

2 INSERT INTO accounts(username, "password" ) VALUES ( 'user1' , 'pass1' );

3 INSERT INTO accounts(username, "password" ) VALUES ( 'user2' , 'pass2' );

然后我们可以通过下面的SQL进行身份认证:

 

1 SELECT count (*) from accounts where username= 'user1' and password = 'pass1'

其中 = 操作符使用了 eq(column_name, text) 方法,该方法由 chkpass 模块提供用于测试是否相等。chkpass 使用 Unix 的 crypt() 函数,,因此加密效果比较弱,该函数只对字符串的前8位进行加密,只要前8位相同的字符串就被认为是相等的。因此不建议在实际生产环境中使用 chkpass 模块,建议使用 pgcrypto 模块。

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