使用PHP和HTML5 FormData实现无刷新文件上传教程_php实例
无刷新文件上传是一个常见而又有点复杂的问题，常见的解决方案是构造 iframe 方式实现。
在 HTML5 中提供了一个 FormData 对象 API，通过 FormData 可以方便地构造一个表单请求，并通过 XMLHttpRequest 来发送。通过 FormData 对象发送文件也是可以的，如此则无刷新上传就变的非常简单了。
那么 FormData 怎么使用呢？下面脚本之家对此进行简单的介绍。
1. 构造 FormData 对象
想得到一个FormData对象，很简单：
var fd = new FormData();
FormData 对象只提供了一个方法 append ，用于向对象中添加表单请求参数。
在当前主流浏览器中，可通过如下两种方式获取或修改FormData。
方法一：创建一个空的FormData对象，然后再用append方法逐个添加键值对。示例：
var fd = new FormData();
fd.append("name", "脚本之家");
fd.append("blog", "http://php.net");
fd.append("file", document.getElementById("file"));
这种方法可以不需要 HTML 的表单对象存在。
方法二：取得form元素对象，将它作为参数传入FormData对象中。示例：
var formobj = document.getElementById("form");
var fd = new FormData(formobj);当然，这里还可以使用 append 方法继续向 fd 中添加其他参数。
2. FormData 发送请求
得到 FormData 对象了，如何发送请求呢？ FormData 对象主要用于增强型的 XMLHttpRequest 对象的 send 方法中。参考如下示例：
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("POST" ,"http://php.net" , true);
xhr.send(fd);
xhr.onload = function(e) {
if (this.status == 200) {
alert(this.responseText);
}
};
3. jquery 中使用 FormData
在 jQuery 的 ajax 方法中，也可使用 FormData 方式实现无刷新上传。但要注意参数的设置，参考如下：
$.ajax({
url: "http://php.net",
type: 'POST',
data: fd,
/**
*必须false才会自动加上正确的Content-Type
*/
contentType:false,
/**
* 必须false才会避开jQuery对 formdata 的默认处理
* XMLHttpRequest会对 formdata 进行正确的处理
*/
processData:false
}).done(function(result){
console.log(result);
}).fail(function(err){
console.log(err);
});
4. 一个完整的示例（包含PHP处理示例）：
<?php
//php 接收表单提交信息并打印
if( isset( $_REQUEST['do']) ){
var_dump($_REQUEST);
var_dump($_FILES);
die();
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>FormData Test - php.net</title>
<script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form">
<input type="file" name="file" id="file" />
<input type="text" name="name" id="" value="脚本之家" />
<input type="text" name="blog" id="" value="http://php.net" />
<input type="submit" name="do" id="do" value="submit" />
</form>
<script>
$("form").submit(function(e){
e.preventDefault();
//空对象然后添加
var fd = new FormData();
fd.append("name", "脚本之家");
fd.append("blog", "http://php.net");
fd.append("file", document.getElementById("file"));
//fd.append("file", $(":file")[0].files[0]); //jQuery 方式
fd.append("do", "submit");
//通过表单对象创建 FormData
var fd = new FormData(document.getElementById("form"));
//var fd = new FormData($("form:eq(0)")[0]); //jquery 方式
//XMLHttpRequest 原生方式发送请求
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("POST" ,"" , true);
xhr.send(fd);
xhr.onload = function(e) {
if (this.status == 200) {
alert(this.responseText);
};
};
return;
//jQuery 方式发送请求
$.ajax({
type:"post",
//url:"",
data: fd,
processData: false,
contentType: false
}).done(function(res){
console.log(res);
});
return false;
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
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