Oracle备份--概念篇
Oracle备份,备份就是冗余,本质就是讲当前的数据复制几份到其他地方,这样当原始数据文件由于各种原因导致损坏的时候,我们就可
Oracle备份:
备份就是冗余,本质就是讲当前的数据复制几份到其他地方,这样当原始数据文件由于各种原因导致损坏的时候,我们就可以通过备份的文件恢复到备份时的状态。
备份的类型:
1、物理备份(Physical Backups)
2、逻辑备份(Logical Backups)
物理备份就是复制文件,对于oracle来说的话,就是将数据文件,控制文件,归档文件等oracle数据库启动时所需要的相关物理文件,复制到其他地方;
实现方式:RMAN和用户管理备份
逻辑备份复制数据,不管是哪些文件存放数据,就是通过工具将数据导出存放到其他位置;
实现方式:exp、expdp、DBKINK + CREATE TABLE AS
缺点:在处理大数据量的时候效率不佳,并且也未对增量备份提供直接支持。
数据库不同状态下备份:
热备份(Online Backups) 数据库开启的状态下的备份,一定为不一致备份,如果归档,是有效备份,也叫联机备份;
冷备份(Offline Backups) 数据库正常关闭或者是处于read only状态,一定为一致性备份,,为有效备份,也叫做脱机备份;
备份的状态:
一致性备份(Consistent Backups):备份的数据文件和控制文件具有相同的SCN;
不一致备份(Inconsistent Backups):数据库处于不一致状态下创建的备份是不一致备份;
增量备份(Incremental Backups):针对完全备份,备份上一次完全备份后发生变化的那些文件;
差异备份(Differential Backups):针对上一次备份,不管是哪种备份,备份上一次备份后所有发生变化的文件;
备份的规模:
完全备份(whole database backups):包括数据文件、控制文件、归档文件和初始化参数文件,可以使归档模式和非归档模式,备份是有有效取决于备份的状态;
表空间备份(tablespace backups):备份一个或者多个表空间,实际上备份的是隶属于表空间下的数据文件;
数据文件备份(datafile buckups):备份一个或者是多个数据文件;
控制文件备份(control backups):
归档日志文件备份(archived redolog backups):

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