Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL的DDL维护技巧

MySQL的DDL维护技巧

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:17 PM
ddl data

mysql在做表的ddl维护时(如添加字段),是要锁表的,不像oracle那样只更新字典表、巨快,这是因为mysql采用中间表的方式来实现,在

mysql的ddl维护技巧

mysql在做表的ddl维护时(如添加字段),是要锁表的,不像Oracle那样只更新字典表、巨快,这是因为mysql采用中间表的方式来实现

ddl操作流程:
A.对表加锁(表此时只读)
B.复制原表物理结构
C.修改表的物理结构
D.把原表数据导入中间表中,数据同步完后,锁定中间表,并删除原表
E.rename中间表为原表
F.刷新数据字典,并释放锁

通过上面的过程可以了解到,表的数据量越大,这个ddl维护过程越耗时间(锁表时间越长)。

表ddl维护方法
1.直接alter table操作
eg:
alter table tt4 add column age2 tinyint unsigned  not null  default 0 ;
alter table tt4 modify column age2 tinyint unsigned  not null  default 0 ;
alter table tt4 drop column age2;

但是这种方法只适合表的比较下,业务不忙的环境,为ddl操作更快,可以更改session的环境变量
 增加SESSION级别的 sort_buffer_size 值,以加速DDL过程需要做的排序操作;
 增加SESSION级别的 read_buffer_size 值,增加顺序读的速度;
 增加SESSION级别的 tmp_table_size 和 max_heap_table_size值,增加内存缓存数据的能力;
 若是存在InnoDB引擎转MyISAM的操作,建议在线增加key_buffer_size的值,增加索引数据的缓存能力;

添加字段
1).增加字段必须要有默认值,非NULL且有默认值的字段属性,有利于提高数据检索的性能,更加有利于索引结构的优化
2).增加的字段不能指定字段顺序,必须在尾部增加;否则会需要更多时间用于数据重整,并且在复制时也可能造成数据错乱

例如:
alter table tt4 add column age2 tinyint unsigned  not null  default 0 ;

绝对禁止:alter table tt4 add column age2 tinyint unsigned  not null  default 0 first;

同一表增加多个字段,不分多条语句,而应只用一条变更语句(在创建多条索引时,也采用这种方式)

alter table tt4
  add column age1 tinyint unsigned  not null  default 0,
  add column age2 tinyint unsigned  not null  default 0; 
 
2.新增维度表用于添加字段
不修改原表,把增加的字段放入维度表中,可以通过修改业务逻辑或表关联来读取数据,但这种方式对于性能和日维护是有有影响的。在设计之初,表上增加几个保留字段也是不错的想法,但毕竟有限。

3.通过中间表+触发器的方式实现
比如更新表a 
 1).lock表a,创建触发器,把更新数据(insert,update,delete)放进中间表
 2).释放锁
 3).然后复制表a的物理结构a_bak,并修改ddl,然后copy数据
 4).数据复制完后,再锁表a。然后把中间表的数据同步到a_bak中,然后锁住a_bak
 5).然后重命名a_bak为原表a
 6).检查无误后删除原表a

4.因应用而维护表的ddl操作注意事项
 1).在优化索引时,要优先程序发布,而且待测试后,再删除多余索引
 2).增加字段或扩大字段值域,必须优先程序发布
 3).在更改字段的数据类型时,和程序同时发布因为这是是一个需要停机维护操作的。
 4).在有停机条件,就停机维护;没停机条件要选择业务空闲维护ddl

5.drop table原理分析与操作技巧
在InnoDB缓冲池很大且充满页面时,在drop table时,,会使整个系统hang住,这是因为这期间mysql要两次遍历buffer pool LRU链表,遍历的时候会加锁导致系统hang住,而且buffer pool越大,hang的时间越长。

linux

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Use ddrescue to recover data on Linux Use ddrescue to recover data on Linux Mar 20, 2024 pm 01:37 PM

DDREASE is a tool for recovering data from file or block devices such as hard drives, SSDs, RAM disks, CDs, DVDs and USB storage devices. It copies data from one block device to another, leaving corrupted data blocks behind and moving only good data blocks. ddreasue is a powerful recovery tool that is fully automated as it does not require any interference during recovery operations. Additionally, thanks to the ddasue map file, it can be stopped and resumed at any time. Other key features of DDREASE are as follows: It does not overwrite recovered data but fills the gaps in case of iterative recovery. However, it can be truncated if the tool is instructed to do so explicitly. Recover data from multiple files or blocks to a single

Open source! Beyond ZoeDepth! DepthFM: Fast and accurate monocular depth estimation! Open source! Beyond ZoeDepth! DepthFM: Fast and accurate monocular depth estimation! Apr 03, 2024 pm 12:04 PM

0.What does this article do? We propose DepthFM: a versatile and fast state-of-the-art generative monocular depth estimation model. In addition to traditional depth estimation tasks, DepthFM also demonstrates state-of-the-art capabilities in downstream tasks such as depth inpainting. DepthFM is efficient and can synthesize depth maps within a few inference steps. Let’s read about this work together ~ 1. Paper information title: DepthFM: FastMonocularDepthEstimationwithFlowMatching Author: MingGui, JohannesS.Fischer, UlrichPrestel, PingchuanMa, Dmytr

How to use Excel filter function with multiple conditions How to use Excel filter function with multiple conditions Feb 26, 2024 am 10:19 AM

If you need to know how to use filtering with multiple criteria in Excel, the following tutorial will guide you through the steps to ensure you can filter and sort your data effectively. Excel's filtering function is very powerful and can help you extract the information you need from large amounts of data. This function can filter data according to the conditions you set and display only the parts that meet the conditions, making data management more efficient. By using the filter function, you can quickly find target data, saving time in finding and organizing data. This function can not only be applied to simple data lists, but can also be filtered based on multiple conditions to help you locate the information you need more accurately. Overall, Excel’s filtering function is a very practical

Google is ecstatic: JAX performance surpasses Pytorch and TensorFlow! It may become the fastest choice for GPU inference training Google is ecstatic: JAX performance surpasses Pytorch and TensorFlow! It may become the fastest choice for GPU inference training Apr 01, 2024 pm 07:46 PM

The performance of JAX, promoted by Google, has surpassed that of Pytorch and TensorFlow in recent benchmark tests, ranking first in 7 indicators. And the test was not done on the TPU with the best JAX performance. Although among developers, Pytorch is still more popular than Tensorflow. But in the future, perhaps more large models will be trained and run based on the JAX platform. Models Recently, the Keras team benchmarked three backends (TensorFlow, JAX, PyTorch) with the native PyTorch implementation and Keras2 with TensorFlow. First, they select a set of mainstream

Slow Cellular Data Internet Speeds on iPhone: Fixes Slow Cellular Data Internet Speeds on iPhone: Fixes May 03, 2024 pm 09:01 PM

Facing lag, slow mobile data connection on iPhone? Typically, the strength of cellular internet on your phone depends on several factors such as region, cellular network type, roaming type, etc. There are some things you can do to get a faster, more reliable cellular Internet connection. Fix 1 – Force Restart iPhone Sometimes, force restarting your device just resets a lot of things, including the cellular connection. Step 1 – Just press the volume up key once and release. Next, press the Volume Down key and release it again. Step 2 – The next part of the process is to hold the button on the right side. Let the iPhone finish restarting. Enable cellular data and check network speed. Check again Fix 2 – Change data mode While 5G offers better network speeds, it works better when the signal is weaker

The vitality of super intelligence awakens! But with the arrival of self-updating AI, mothers no longer have to worry about data bottlenecks The vitality of super intelligence awakens! But with the arrival of self-updating AI, mothers no longer have to worry about data bottlenecks Apr 29, 2024 pm 06:55 PM

I cry to death. The world is madly building big models. The data on the Internet is not enough. It is not enough at all. The training model looks like "The Hunger Games", and AI researchers around the world are worrying about how to feed these data voracious eaters. This problem is particularly prominent in multi-modal tasks. At a time when nothing could be done, a start-up team from the Department of Renmin University of China used its own new model to become the first in China to make "model-generated data feed itself" a reality. Moreover, it is a two-pronged approach on the understanding side and the generation side. Both sides can generate high-quality, multi-modal new data and provide data feedback to the model itself. What is a model? Awaker 1.0, a large multi-modal model that just appeared on the Zhongguancun Forum. Who is the team? Sophon engine. Founded by Gao Yizhao, a doctoral student at Renmin University’s Hillhouse School of Artificial Intelligence.

Tesla robots work in factories, Musk: The degree of freedom of hands will reach 22 this year! Tesla robots work in factories, Musk: The degree of freedom of hands will reach 22 this year! May 06, 2024 pm 04:13 PM

The latest video of Tesla's robot Optimus is released, and it can already work in the factory. At normal speed, it sorts batteries (Tesla's 4680 batteries) like this: The official also released what it looks like at 20x speed - on a small "workstation", picking and picking and picking: This time it is released One of the highlights of the video is that Optimus completes this work in the factory, completely autonomously, without human intervention throughout the process. And from the perspective of Optimus, it can also pick up and place the crooked battery, focusing on automatic error correction: Regarding Optimus's hand, NVIDIA scientist Jim Fan gave a high evaluation: Optimus's hand is the world's five-fingered robot. One of the most dexterous. Its hands are not only tactile

The first robot to autonomously complete human tasks appears, with five fingers that are flexible and fast, and large models support virtual space training The first robot to autonomously complete human tasks appears, with five fingers that are flexible and fast, and large models support virtual space training Mar 11, 2024 pm 12:10 PM

This week, FigureAI, a robotics company invested by OpenAI, Microsoft, Bezos, and Nvidia, announced that it has received nearly $700 million in financing and plans to develop a humanoid robot that can walk independently within the next year. And Tesla’s Optimus Prime has repeatedly received good news. No one doubts that this year will be the year when humanoid robots explode. SanctuaryAI, a Canadian-based robotics company, recently released a new humanoid robot, Phoenix. Officials claim that it can complete many tasks autonomously at the same speed as humans. Pheonix, the world's first robot that can autonomously complete tasks at human speeds, can gently grab, move and elegantly place each object to its left and right sides. It can autonomously identify objects

See all articles