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Oracle备份保留策略(RETENTION POLICY)

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:17 PM

备份管理器RMAN提供了CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY命令设置备份保存策略,即设置备份文件保留多长时间。RMAN会将超出时间的备份文

备份管理器RMAN提供了CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY命令设置备份保存策略,即设置备份文件保留多长时间。RMAN会将超出时间的备份文件标识为废弃(obsolete)。命令REPORT OBSOLETE和DELETE OBSOLETE分别用来查看废弃的文件和删除废弃的文件。RMAN跟踪备份的数据文件、控制文件、归档日志文件,,并确定哪些需要保存,哪些需要标记为废弃。但RMAN不自动删除废弃的备份文件。
 
术语废弃与过时(expired)不同。备份文件是否废弃由备份保留策略确定,废弃的备份文件是在介质还原中不再需要的(not needed)。过时的文件是不再存在的文件(not found),可用CROSSCHECK命令查看过时信息。
 
备份保留策略除了影响数据文件和控制文件的备份文件,同样影响归档日志的备份文件。RMAN首先确认数据和控制文件的备份结果是否需要废弃,然后将时间在数据文件备份和控制文件备份的最早时间之前的归档日志备份标识为废弃。
 
定义备份保留策略有以下两种方式:
1.使用CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW命令。
 
例如:RMAN>CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 5 DAYS;
 
我现在的时间是6月11日16:42,如果我设置了上述备份保留策略并进行备份,则该备份在6月16日16:42之后会被标识为废弃。
 
2.使用CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY REDUNDANCY命令。
 
 例如:RMAN>CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY REDUNDANCY 3;
 
如果进行了上述设置,当完成三次备份后,在做完第四次备份的时候,第一次备份结果将被标识为废弃。Oracle11G默认的备份保留策略是用该方法设置的,且REDUNDANCY为1。可以使用命令CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY CLEAR恢复策略为默认值。还可以用命令CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO NONE进行策略设置,此时REPORT OBSOLETE和DELETE OBSOLETE将不把任何备份文件视为废弃。

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