Home > Database > Mysql Tutorial > body text

Oracle之range,hash,list分区现实应用及优缺点汇总

WBOY
Release: 2016-06-07 17:18:22
Original
1124 people have browsed it

oracle的range,hash,list三大分区可能我们大家在熟悉不过了,但什么每种分区适用于什么场景可能是很多人的疑惑点,那么在选择不同

引言:Oracle的range,hash,list三大分区可能我们大家在熟悉不过了,但什么每种分区适用于什么场景可能是很多人的疑惑点,那么在选择不同的分区时应该注意什么,为什么这么选,有哪些需要我们加以注意的地方,让我们一一来探索一下吧:)

A.创建range分区,一般用于日期化处理,range分区可以很好的管理基于日期来分区的数据
创建一个新用户ls
SYS@LEO> create user ls identified by ls;
SYS@LEO> grant dba to ls;
SYS@LEO> conn ls/ls
创建样本数据表
create table liusheng (orderid number(10),name varchar2(10),ls_date date);
insert into liusheng values (1,'ls1',to_date('1981-01-02','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into liusheng values (1,'ls2',to_date('1998-01-03','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into liusheng values (1,'ls3',to_date('1999-01-04','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into liusheng values (1,'ls4',to_date('2000-01-05','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into liusheng values (1,'ls5',to_date('2000-01-06','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into liusheng values (1,'ls6',to_date('2001-01-07','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into liusheng values (1,'ls7',to_date('2001-01-08','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into liusheng values (1,'ls8',to_date('2002-01-09','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into liusheng values (1,'ls9',to_date('2002-01-10','yyyy-mm-dd'));
insert into liusheng values (1,'ls10',to_date('2011-01-11','yyyy-mm-dd'));
创建range分区表
create table liusheng_part
partition by range (ls_date)
(
partition liusheng_part_1999_1 values less than (to_date('1999-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) ,
partition liusheng_part_2000_1 values less than (to_date('2000-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) ,
partition liusheng_part_2001_1 values less than (to_date('2001-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) ,
partition liusheng_part_2002_1 values less than (to_date('2002-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) ,
partition liusheng_part_2003_1 values less than (to_date('2003-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')) ,
partition other values less than (maxvalue)
)
as select * from liusheng;
查看分区
select * from liusheng_part partition (liusheng_part_1999_1);
select * from liusheng_part partition (liusheng_part_2000_1);
select * from liusheng_part partition (liusheng_part_2001_1);
select * from liusheng_part partition (liusheng_part_2002_1);
select * from liusheng_part partition (liusheng_part_2003_1);
select * from liusheng_part partition (other);


B.创建hash分区,利用hash函数打散某列使数据均匀分布,,一般用于均衡I/O,缺点数据不容易管理,哈希分区不能DROP、SPLIT 以及MERGE分区
我们创建了拥有10个分区的哈希分区表“LIUSHENG_HASH”
LS@LEO> create table liusheng_hash partition by hash(object_id) partitions 10 as select * from dba_objects;
hash分区所占用的区个数,看每个分区占用的个数都差不多,说明数据还是比较均匀分布的
缺点:hash列上数值不能有太多的重复值,否则会导致数据分布不均匀
select partition_name,count(*) from user_extents where segment_name='LIUSHENG_HASH' group by partition_name;
PARTITION_NAME                   COUNT(*)
------------------------------ ----------
SYS_P27                                 3
SYS_P26                                 3
SYS_P22                                 2
SYS_P28                                 3
SYS_P29                                 2
SYS_P21                                 2
SYS_P23                                 3
SYS_P25                                 3
SYS_P30                                 2
SYS_P24                                 3
select count(*) from liusheng_hash;

COUNT(*)
----------
      9860


C.创建list分区,一般用于数据可枚举,有限个值,可以考虑列表分区,例如国家名字,按州来分区
创建list分区表,我们按国家来分别存放在不同的州,每个州是一个分区
create table liusheng_list
(city_id NUMBER(5),
city_name VARCHAR2(30),
city_state VARCHAR2(20),
city_amount NUMBER(10)
)
partition by list (city_name)
(
partition  asia VALUES('china','japan'),
partition  europe VALUES ('germany','italy'),
partition  africa VALUES('libya','brazil'),
partition  other  VALUES(DEFAULT)              --默认分区
);
插入数据
insert into liusheng_list values(1,'china','asia',100);
insert into liusheng_list values(2,'germany','europe',101);
insert into liusheng_list values(3,'libya','africa',102);
insert into liusheng_list values(4,'liusheng_city','other',103);
查看数据
LS@LEO> select * from liusheng_list;

   CITY_ID COUNTRY_NAME                   STATE                CITY_AMOUNT
---------- ------------------------------ -------------------- -----------
         1 china                                               asia                         100
         2 germany                                      europe                       101
         3 libya                                                 africa                       102
         4 liusheng_city                                 other                        103

小结:测试了上面的三大分区后,我相信现在不仅仅有感性的认识而且也加深了理性的认识,分区是个好东西,合理的利用可以提高我们管理收益(但不一定会提高查询收益),使用不当也会给我们添加许多麻烦,三思而后行是做DBA的一个好习惯。

补充:分区之优势
分区技术实质可以把数据分摊到不同的物理位置,增加I/O负载,提高检索效率。
可用性:分区表可以跨越表空间,而普通表则不然,好处就是如果表的一个分区损坏,其他分区不会受到影响我们只需要修复损坏的分区即可

linux

Related labels:
source:php.cn
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Popular Tutorials
More>
Latest Downloads
More>
Web Effects
Website Source Code
Website Materials
Front End Template