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数据库的脏读、不可重复读、幻读

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:18 PM
oracle database

数据库的脏读、不可重复读、幻读都和事务的隔离性有关。所以先了解一下事务的4大特性。脏读、不可重复读、幻读的级别高低是:脏读

数据库的脏读、不可重复读、幻读都和事务的隔离性有关。所以先了解一下事务的4大特性。

事务的4大特性(ACID):
  • 原子性(Atomicity):事务是数据库的逻辑工作单位,它对数据库的修改要么全部执行,要么全部不执行。
  • 一致性(Consistemcy):事务前后,数据库的状态都满足所有的完整性约束。
  • 隔离性(Isolation):并发执行的N个事务是隔离的,一个不影响一个,一个事务在没有commit之前,被修改的数据不可能被其他事务看到(通过设置数据库的隔离级别)。
  • 持久性(Durability):持久性意味着当系统或介质发生故障时,确保已提交事务的更新不能丢失。持久性主要在于DBMS的恢复性能。
  • 脏读:

    脏读又称无效数据读出。一个事务读取另外一个事务还没有提交的数据叫脏读。

    例如:事务T1修改了一行数据,但是还没有提交,这时候事务T2读取了被事务T1修改后的数据,,之后事务T1因为某种原因Rollback了,那么事务T2读取的数据就是脏的。

    解决办法:把数据库的事务隔离级别调整到READ_COMMITTED

    不可重复读:

    不可重复读是指在同一个事务内,两个相同的查询返回了不同的结果。

    例如:事务T1读取某一数据,事务T2读取并修改了该数据,T1为了对读取值进行检验而再次读取该数据,便得到了不同的结果。

    解决办法:把数据库的事务隔离级别调整到REPEATABLE_READ

    幻读:

    例如:系统管理员A将数据库中所有学生的成绩从具体分数改为ABCDE等级,但是系统管理员B就在这个时候插入了一条具体分数的记录,当系统管理员A改结束后发现还有一条记录没有改过来,就好像发生了幻觉一样。这就叫幻读。

    解决办法:把数据库的事务隔离级别调整到SERIALIZABLE_READ

    脏读、不可重复读、幻读的级别高低是:脏读

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