Home Database Mysql Tutorial delete与truncate清空表数据对HWM的影响

delete与truncate清空表数据对HWM的影响

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:19 PM

在oracle里,使用delete删除数据以后,数据库的存储容量不会减少,而且使用delete删除某个表的数据以后,查询这张表的速度和删除之

在Oracle里,使用delete删除数据以后,数据库的存储容量不会减少,而且使用delete删除某个表的数据以后,查询这张表的速度和删除之前一样,不会发生变化。

因为oralce有一个HWM高水位标记(或者说高水位线),它是oracle的一个表使用空间最高水位线。当插入了数据以后,高水位线就会上涨,但是如果你采用delete语句删除数据的话,数据虽然被删除了,但是高水位线却没有降低,还是你刚才删除数据以前那么高的水位。除非使用truncate删除数据。那么,这条高水位线在日常的增删操作中只会上涨,不会下跌,所以数据库容量也只会上升,不会下降。而使用select语句查询数据时,数据库会扫描高水位线以下的数据块,因为高水位线没有变化,所以扫描的时间不会减少,所以才会出现使用 delete删除数据以后,,查询的速度还是和delete以前一样。

因此我们可以得出delete 并不会释放表空间,要释放表空间,需要使用truncate语句。
下面我们在测试一下。
1)创建测试表并插入测试数据;
SQL> CREATE TABLE w.w AS SELECT * FROM dba_objects;

Table created.
2)查看表中分配块,区大小;
SQL> SELECT segment_name, segment_type, blocks, extents FROM dba_segments WHERE segment_name = 'W';   ------segment_name的值一定要大些

SEGMENT_NAME                                      SEGMENT_TYPE         BLOCKS    EXTENTS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------- ----------
W                                          TABLE            4264       49
blocks列为分配数据块儿数,extents列为分配区块儿数
3)分析表w;
SQL> ANALYZE TABLE w ESTIMATE STATISTICS;

Table analyzed.
4)查询表高水位线;
SQL> SELECT blocks, empty_blocks, num_rows FROM USER_TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'W';

    BLOCKS EMPTY_BLOCKS   NUM_ROWS
---------- ------------ ----------
      4214         50     294935
blocks列为高水位线(占用w表数据块儿数),empty_blocks列为表w空闲块儿数
5)现在将w表delete,在查看高水位线 【Linux公社 】
SQL> DELETE FROM w;

290232 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> ANALYZE TABLE w ESTIMATE STATISTICS;

Table analyzed.

SQL> SELECT blocks, empty_blocks, num_rows FROM USER_TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'W';

    BLOCKS EMPTY_BLOCKS   NUM_ROWS
---------- ------------ ----------
     4214         50      0                  ------高水位线并未下降,还是4214

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