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Oracle中的程序包

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Release: 2016-06-07 17:20:32
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程序包可将若干函数或者存储过程组织起来,作为一个对象进行存储。程序包通常由两部分构成,规范(specification)和主体(body)。程

一程序包的基本概念

程序包可将若干函数或者存储过程组织起来,作为一个对象进行存储。程序包通常由两部分构成,规范(specification)和主体(body)。程序报也可以包含常量和变量,,包中的所有函数和存储过程都可以使用这些变量或者常量。

二 规范

1 创建规范(SQL窗口)

create or replace package pkg_staff as
       staffString varchar2(500);
       stafftAge number:=18;
       function get_staff_string return varchar2;
       procedure insert_staff(in_staff_id in number,in_staff_name in varchar2);
       procedure update_staff(in_staff_id in number);
       procedure delete_staff(in_staff_id in number);
end pkg_staff;


2 在数据字典中查看程序包规范的信息

select object_name,object_type,status from user_objects
where lower(OBJECT_NAME) = 'pkg_staff'

三 主体

所谓规范,就像面向对象编程中的接口,该规范的主体必须实现该规范的所有方法。Oracle会自动寻找与主体同名的规范,看是否全部实现了该规范函数或者存储过程。若没有,则编译错误。

1 创建主体

create or replace package body pkg_staff as
       function get_staff_string return varchar2 as
       begin
                return 'staff';
       end get_staff_string;
       procedure insert_staff(in_staff_id in number,in_staff_name in varchar2) as
       begin
                 insert into staff values (in_staff_id,in_staff_name);
       end insert_staff;
       procedure update_staff(in_staff_id in number) as
       begin
                 update staff set name = 'xy' where num = in_staff_id;
       end update_staff;
       procedure delete_staff(in_staff_id in number) as
       begin
                 delete from staff where num = '1';
       end delete_staff;
end pkg_staff;

2 在数据字典中查看程序包主体的信息

select object_name,object_type,status from user_objects
where lower(OBJECT_NAME) = 'pkg_staff'

四调用程序包中的函数或者存储过程

调用函数(SQL window)
select pkg_staff.get_staff_string() as result from dual


调用存储过程(Command window)
begin
pkg_staff.delete_staff(1);
end;
/

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