一个非典型的ORA-01555的解决
ORA-01555:快照过旧。 一个对于ORACLE DBA来说最经典问题。发生的根本原因:一致性读出了问题。看到网上有个同学,举例说明,
ORA-01555:快照过旧。 一个对于Oracle DBA来说最经典问题。
发生的根本原因:一致性读出了问题。
看到网上有个同学,举例说明,觉得不错,拿来用下:
假设有张表,叫table1,里面有5000万行数据,假设预计全表扫描1次需要1个小时,我们从过程来看:
1、在1点钟,有个用户A发出了select * from table1;此时不管将来table1怎么变化,正确的结果应该是用户A会看到在1点钟这个时刻的内容。这个是没有疑问的。
2、在1点30分,有个用户B执行了update命令,更新了table1表中的第4000万行的这条记录,这时,用户A的全表扫描还没有到达第4000万条。毫无疑问,这个时候,第4000万行的这条记录是被写到了回滚段里去了的,我假设是回滚段RBS1,如果用户A的全表扫描到达了第4000万行,是应该会正确的从回滚段RBS1中读取出1点钟时刻的内容的。
3、这时,用户B将他刚才做的操作commit了,但是这时,系统仍然可以给用户A提供正确的数据,因为那第4000万行记录的内容仍然还在回滚段RBS1里,系统可以根据SCN来到回滚段里找到正确的数据,但是大家注意到,这时记录在RBS1里的第4000万行记录已经发生了一点重大的改变:就是这个第4000万行的在回滚段RBS1里的数据有可能随时被覆盖掉,因为这条记录已经被提交了!!!
4、由于用户A的查询时间漫长,而业务在一直不断的进行,RBS1回滚段在被多个不同的tracnsaction使用着,这个回滚段里的extent循环到了第4000万行数据所在的extent,由于这条记录已经被标记提交了,所以这个extent是可以被其他transaction覆盖掉的!
5、到了1点40分,用户A的查询终于到了第4000万行,而这时已经出现了第4条说的情况,需要到回滚段RBS1去找数据,但是已经被覆盖掉了,于是01555就出现了。
这次出现的ORA-01555,引起的原因很特殊。
报错是回滚段SYSSMU1有问题.
所以断定的是,并不是因为大量的读写,造成的一致性读错误,而且因为回滚段的错误,使快照出现了问题。
首先观察下回滚段:
SQL> select segment_name,tablespace_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;
发现表空间UNDOTBS1的回滚段_SYSSMU1$-10$都是online。
发现表空间UNDOTBS2的回滚段SYSSMU1是竟然是needs recovery,其他都是offline。
最有趣的是这个数据库指定的UNDO是UNDOTBS1,UNDOTBS2实际已经被弃用了。
尝试把该回滚段offline后删除,,但是提示非法。
重启数据库后该回滚段状态变成了availabe。
再次尝试offline后删除,还是提示正在使用。
用直接更新数据字典的方法
SQL>update undo$ set status$=2 where;
发现该回滚段状态变更为offline,drop掉即可。
ORA-1555不再出现。

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