Oracle动态SQL的拼装要领
Oracle的动态SQL语句用起来很方便,但其拼装过程太烦人。尤其在拼装语句中涉及到date类型字段时,拼装时要加to_char先转换成字符
Oracle的动态SQL语句用起来很方便,但其拼装过程太烦人。尤其在拼装语句中涉及到date类型字段时,拼装时要加to_char先转换成字符,,到了sql中又要使用to_date转成date类型和原字段再比较。
例如这样一个SQL:
select '========= and (t.created>=to_date('''||to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd')||''',''yyyy-mm-dd'') AND t.created
它就是将sysdate转成字符串,再在生成的SQL中将字符串转换成date。
拼装出来的结果如下:
========= and (t.created>=to_date('2012-11-08','yyyy-mm-dd') AND t.created
字符串2012-11-08是我们使用to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd')生成的,语句中涉及到的每一个单引号,都要写成两个单引号来转义。
虽然拼装过程很烦人,但只要掌握好三点,就应能拼装出能用的SQL语句。
一,先确定目标。应保证拼装出来的SQL应该是什么样子,然后再去配置那个动态SQL
二,拼装SQL的时候,所有使用连接符||连接的对象都应是varchar2类型,这种类型的对象以单引号开头,以单引号结尾。数字会自动转,但date需要我们手工使用to_char函数转。
三,遇到有引号的,就写成两个单引号。
如 ' I am a SQL developer '' '||v_name||' '' in China. telephone is '||v_number||' .'
v_name是字符型的,所以拼装它是需要前后加单引号。
这种转换很烦人,但从10g开始有一个新功能,可以让人不用这么烦。它就是q'[xxxxx]'
示例如下:
select q'[ I'm a SQL developer ' ]'||to_char(sysdate,'yyyy')||q'[' in China. telephone is ]'||1990||'.' from dual;
结果如下:
Result代码
I'm a SQL developer '2012' in China. telephone is 1990.
I'm使用一个单引号在q'[]'中就可以。
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy')转成的是2012,前后是要加单引号的。所以在q'[xxx ']'的结尾加了一个单引号。
这样就使得我们不用想以前那样使用 ''''表示一个单引号了。
简而言之,掌握这三点,就应该能拼装出能用的SQL。至于如果使用绑定变量输入输出,则需要使用into using关键字。
set serveroutput on;
declare
incoming date:=sysdate-10;
outgoing int;
begin
execute immediate 'select COUNT(*) FROM user_objects where created > :incoming' into outgoing using incoming ;
dbms_output.put_line(' count is: ' || outgoing);
end;
/

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