Oracle查询通配符做普通字符使用
每当fox出现在Oracle脚本中时,都会要求您为它提供一个值。而使用fox,您只需要在 fox第一次出现时为它提供变量值。如果想将
在where子句中,通配符可与like条件一起使用。在Oracle中:
%(百分号): 用来表示任意数量的字符,或者可能根本没有字符。
_(下划线): 表示确切的未知字符。
?(问号): 用来表示确切的未知字符。
#(井号): 用来表示确切的阿拉伯数字,0到9。
[a-d](方括号):用来表示字符范围,在这里是从a到d。
单引号('):在Oracle中,应该只使用单引号将文本和字符和日期括起来,不能使用引号(包括单双引号)将数字括起来。
双引号("):在Oracle中,单双引号含义不同。双引号被用来将包含特定字符或者空格的列别名括起来。双引号还被用来将文本放入日期格式。
撇号('):在Oracle中,撇号也可以写成彼此相邻的两个单引号。为了在供应商名字中间查找所有带撇号的供应商名字,可以这样编写代码
&符号:在Oracle中,&符号常用来指出一个变量。
例如,&fox是一个变量,稍微有点不同的一种&& fox。每当&fox出现在Oracle脚本中时,都会要求您为它提供一个值。而使用&&fox,您只需要在& &fox第一次出现时为它提供变量值。如果想将&符号作为普通的符号使用,则应该关闭这个特性。要想关闭这个特性,可以运行以下的命令: set define off ,这是一个SQLplus命令,不是一个SQL命令。SQLplus设置了SQL在Oracle中运行的环境。
双竖线(||):Oracle使用双竖线表示字符串连接函数。
星号(*):select *意味着选择所有的列,count(*)意味着计算所有的行,表示通配符时,表示0个或任意多个字符。
正斜杠(/):在Oracle中,用来终止SQL语句。更准确的说,是表示了“运行现在位于缓冲区的SQL代码”。正斜杠也用作分隔项。
SQL> select * from test;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
1 baaab
2 ba_ab
3 ba%ab
SQL> select * from test where name like '%_%';
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
1 baaab
2 ba_ab
3 ba%ab
SQL> select * from test where name like '%\_%' escape '\';
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
2 ba_ab
所以我们在将oracle里面一些特定的通配符用作普通字符是,一定别忘了加escape关键字,它的作用如下:
1.使用 ESCAPE 关键字定义转义符。在模式中,当转义符置于通配符之前时,该通配符就解释为普通字符。
2.ESCAPE 'escape_character'
允许在字符串中搜索通配符而不是将其作为通配符使用。escape_character 是放在通配符前表示此特殊用途的字符。
select * from a WHERE name LIKE '%/%ab' ESCAPE '/'

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