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PostgresQL中的NUlls first/last功能

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Release: 2016-06-07 17:25:38
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Nulls last表示Null值在排序时一直排在所有值的后面,也就是处理order by a desc时PostgresQL执行器认为Null值小于所有值,而ord

Nulls first/last功能简介
Nulls first/last功能主要用于order by排序子句中,影响空值Null在排序结果中的位置。简单来说,Nulls first表示Null值在排序时一直排在所有值的前面,也就是处理order by a desc时PostgresQL执行器认为Null值大于所有值,而order by a或order by a asc时执行器认为Null值小于所有值,将Null值排在前面。Nulls last表示Null值在排序时一直排在所有值的后面,也就是处理order by a desc时PostgresQL执行器认为Null值小于所有值,而order by a或order by a asc时执行器认为Null值大于所有值,,将Null值排在前面。当不指定Nulls first/last功能时,执行器默认认为Null值要大于所有值,以此为依据处理order by子句的排序结果。

Nulls first/last功能简单展示
以下测试均为Postgres数据库下测试,数据库版本为9.2.2,测试系统为Linux。

普通表简单功能展示:

Create    table  test1(a int, b int);

Insertinto test1 values(1,2);

Insertinto test1 values(3,4);

Insertinto test1 values(5);

Select * from test1 order by b desc nulls first;

a    b

5

3    4

1    2

 

Select * from test1 order by b desc nulls last;

a    b

3    4

1    2

5

 

Select *from test1 order by b desc nulls;  报错

 

分区表简单功能展示,注意PostgresQL数据库建分区表的方式:

createtable test_hash(a int, b int);

createtable test_hash1(check(a>=0 and a

createtable test_hash2(check(a>=5)) inherits(test_hash);

 

createrule test_hash_1 as on insert to test_hash where(a>=0 and a

createrule test_hash_2 as on insert to test_hash where(a>=5) do instead insertinto test_hash2 values(NEW.a,NEW.b);

 

Insertinto test_hash values(1,2);

Insertinto test_hash values(3,4);

Insertinto test_hash values(5);

 

Select *from test_hash order by b desc nulls first;

a      b

5

3      4

2      2

 

Select *from test_hash order by b desc nulls last;

a      b

3      4

1      2

5

以上均是select语句中的order by子句进行的Nulls first/last功能展示,创建索引等其他需要order by子句的地方同理。这里只是简单的展示了一下功能,有时间会写一些剖析PostgresQL数据库的文章出来。

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