Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL查询不使用索引汇总

MySQL查询不使用索引汇总

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:26 PM
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众所周知,增加索引是提高查询速度的有效途径,但是很多时候,即使增加了索引,查询仍然不使用索引,这种情况严重影响性能,这里

众所周知,增加索引是提高查询速度的有效途径,但是很多时候,即使增加了索引,查询仍然不使用索引,这种情况严重影响性能,这里就简单总结几条MySQL不使用索引的情况

1.如果MySQL估计使用索引比全表扫描更慢,则不使用索引。例如,如果列key均匀分布在1和100之间,下面的查询使用索引就不是很好:select * from table_name where key>1 and key

2.如果使用MEMORY/HEAP表,并且where条件中不使用“=”进行索引列,那么不会用到索引,head表只有在“=”的条件下才会使用索引

3.用or分隔开的条件,如果or前的条件中的列有索引,而后面的列没有索引,那么涉及到的索引都不会被用到,例如:select * from table_name where key1='a' or key2='b';如果在key1上有索引而在key2上没有索引,则该查询也不会走索引

4. 复合索引,如果索引列不是复合索引的第一部分,则不使用索引(即不符合最左前缀),例如,复合索引为(key1,key2),则查询select * from table_name where key2='b';将不会使用索引

5.如果like是以‘%’开始的,则该列上的索引不会被使用。例如select * from table_name where key1 like '%a';该查询即使key1上存在索引,也不会被使用

6.如果列为字符串,则where条件中必须将字符常量值加引号,否则即使该列上存在索引,也不会被使用。例如,select * from table_name where key1=1;如果key1列保存的是字符串,即使key1上有索引,也不会被使用。

从上面可以看出,即使我们建立了索引,也不一定会被使用,那么我们如何知道我们索引的使用情况呢??在MySQL中,有Handler_read_key和Handler_read_rnd_key两个变量,如果Handler_read_key值很高而Handler_read_rnd_key的值很低,则表明索引经常不被使用,应该重新考虑建立索引。可以通过:show status like 'Handler_read%'来查看着连个参数的值。

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