MySQL(四):备份恢复详解
一、备份的类型随着互联网的迅速发展;数据的重要性不需要多说;相信大家都知道。所以数据备份就显得格外重要了;并且选择一个合适的备份方法能提高性能。下面就
一、备份的类型
随着互联网的迅速发展;数据的重要性不需要多说;相信大家都知道。所以数据备份就显得格外重要了;并且选择一个合适的备份方法能提高性能。下面就备份类型来分类:
根据备份时;数据库服务器是否在线:
冷备:cold backup
温备:warm backup
热备:hot backup 基于事务的存储引擎(InnoDB)
根据备份时的数据集:
完全备份:full backup
部分备份:partial backup
根据备份时的接口(直接备份数据文件还是通过mysql服务器导出数据):
物理备份(physical backup):直接复制(归档)数据文件的备份方式;
1、不需要额外工具
2、跨平台性能差
3、表空间占据大
逻辑备份(logical backup):把数据从库中提取出来保存为文本文件;
1、可以使用编辑器处理数据文件
2、可以使用批处理或网络恢复数据;可以更换数据引擎
3、有助于避免数据损坏等
缺陷:恢复慢;无法保证浮点数的精度;还原数据后需要重建索引,消耗时间和资源
根据备份时数据变化(整个数据|变化的数据):
1、完全备份:full backup
2、增量备份:incremental backup
3、差异备份:differential backup
二、基本的备份工具
1、mysqldump:逻辑备份工具
对InnoDB热备、MyISAM温备、Aria温备
备份和恢复过程较慢
2、mysqldumper:多线程的mysqldump
很难实现差异或增量备份;
3、基于lvm-snapshot:
接近于热备的工具;因为要先请求全局锁;而后创建快照;并在创建完成后释放全局锁
cp、tar等工具进行物理备份:仅限于冷备
备份和恢复速度较快;
很难实现增量备份;并且请求全局需要等待一段时间;在繁忙的服务器上尤其如此。
4、部分备份工具;不会备份关系定义;仅备份表中的数据;逻辑备份工具
select clause into outfile '/path/to/somefile'
load data infile '/path/to/somefile'
5、Xtrabackup:由percona提供的开源备份工具
InnoDB热备;增量备份
MyISAM温备;不支持增量
物理备份;速度快
三、基于mydump进行备份
#使用格式 [root@localhost ~]# mysqldump Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables] OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...] OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS] For more options, use mysqldump --help #详细可以--help查看;man也可以查看详细说明备份单个库
完全备份以及利用二进制日志进行时间点恢复

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