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Oracle中的decimal与Number区别

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:28 PM
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Oracle只是在语法上支持decimal类型,但是在底层实际上它就是number类型,支持decimal类型是为了能把数据从Oracle数据库移到其他

一、DECIMAL类型详细

Oracle只是在语法上支持decimal类型,但是在底层实际上它就是number类型,支持decimal类型是为了能把数据从Oracle数据库移到其他数据库中(如DB2等)。

 因为decimal在Oracle底层就是number类型,所以就当number类型使用就可以了,如果需要对这种字段类型转为char类型可以用to_char函数对其转换。

decimal类型从根本上说应该是数字类型的,因为oracle内部的数据类型,对于数字只有number类型,都当数字类型进行处理即可。decimal(8,2)代表数字总共8位长度,小数部分是2位。范围是8位,精确到小数点后2位,并四舍五入,即存6位整数,两位小数。也就是最大值可以是999999.99,可存放2位小数。Oracle中,可以使用to_char函数对数字进行转换,使它变成字符类型.

二、NUMBER类型详细

在Oracle中Number类型可以用来存储0,正负定点或者浮点数,可表示的数据范围在

1.0 * 10(-130) —— 9.9...9 * 10(125) {38个9后边带88个0}

 的数字,当Oracle中的数学表达式的值>=1.0*10(126)时,Oracle就会报错。

Number的数据声明如下:

表示

作用

说明

Number(p, s)

声明一个定点数

p(precision)为精度,s(scale)表示小数点右边的数字个数,精度最大值为38,,scale的取值范围为-84到127

Number(p)

声明一个整数

相当于Number(p, 0)

Number

声明一个浮点数

其精度为38,要注意的是scale的值没有应用,也就是说scale的指不能简单的理解为0,或者其他的数。

定点数的精度(p)和刻度(s)遵循以下规则:
 
当一个数的整数部分的长度> p-s 时,Oracle就会报错
 
当一个数的小数部分的长度> s 时,Oracle就会舍入。
 
当s(scale)为负数时,Oracle就对小数点左边的s个数字进行舍入。
 
当s > p时, p表示小数点后第s位向左最多可以有多少位数字,如果大于p则Oracle报错,小数点后s位向右的数字被舍入.
 
NUMBER类型细讲
 
Oracle number datatype 语法:NUMBER[(precision [, scale])]
 简称:precision --> p
      scale    --> s
 
NUMBER(p, s)
 范围:1  保存数据范围:-1.0e-130  保存在机器内部的范围:1 ~ 22 bytes
 
有效位:从左边第一个不为0的数算起的位数。
 s的情况:
 s > 0
    精确到小数点右边s位,并四舍五入。然后检验有效位是否 s     精确到小数点左边s位,并四舍五入。然后检验有效位是否 s = 0
    此时NUMBER表示整数。

eg:
 Actual Data  Specified As  Stored As
 ----------------------------------------
 123.89          NUMBER        123.89
 123.89          NUMBER(3)    124
 123.89          NUMBER(6,2)  123.89
 123.89          NUMBER(6,1)  123.9
 123.89          NUMBER(4,2)  exceeds precision (有效位为5, 5 > 4)
 123.89          NUMBER(6,-2)  100
 .01234          NUMBER(4,5)  .01234 (有效位为4)
 .00012          NUMBER(4,5)  .00012
 .000127      NUMBER(4,5)  .00013
 .0000012      NUMBER(2,7)  .0000012
 .00000123    NUMBER(2,7)  .0000012
 1.2e-4          NUMBER(2,5)  0.00012
 1.2e-5          NUMBER(2,5)  0.00001
 123.2564      NUMBER        123.2564
 1234.9876    NUMBER(6,2)  1234.99
 12345.12345  NUMBER(6,2)  Error (有效位为5+2 > 6)
 1234.9876    NUMBER(6)    1235 (s没有表示s=0)
 12345.345    NUMBER(5,-2)  12300
 1234567      NUMBER(5,-2)  1234600
 12345678      NUMBER(5,-2)  Error (有效位为8 > 7)
 123456789    NUMBER(5,-4)  123460000
 1234567890    NUMBER(5,-4)  Error (有效位为10 > 9)
 12345.58      NUMBER(*, 1)  12345.6
 0.1          NUMBER(4,5)  Error (0.10000, 有效位为5 > 4)
 0.01234567    NUMBER(4,5)  0.01235
 
0.09999      NUMBER(4,5)  0.09999

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