Oracle数据库的字段约束创建和维护
创建Oracle数据库的字段约束: 非空约束唯一约束对字段的取值的约束默认值外键约束 create table tab_class( class_id number pr
创建Oracle数据库的字段约束:
非空约束
唯一约束
对字段的取值的约束
默认值
外键约束
create table tab_class(
class_id number primary key,
class_name varchar2(10) not null unique
);
create table tab_stu(
stu_id number,
--学生姓名,不能为空,不能重复
stu_name varchar2(20) not null unique,
--学生姓名只能是male或female
stu_gender varchar2(6) not null check(stu_gender='male' or stu_gender='female'),
--学生年龄只能在18到60之间
stu_age number check(stu_age >18 and stu_age --邮箱可以不填写,填写的话不能相同
stu_email varchar2(30) unique,
stu_address varchar2(30),
--外键约束
class_id number not null references tab_class(class_id)
);
维护已经创建好的约束:
可添加或删除约束,但不能直接修改。
可使约束启用和禁用。
非空约束必须使用MODIFY子句增加。
为表增加主键约束:
--维护约束
--创建约束
create table tab_check(
che_id number,
che_name varchar2(20)
);
--为表增加主键约束
alter table tab_check
add constraints tab_check primary key(che_id);
--添加唯一约束,tab_check_unique表示约束的名称
alter table tab_check
add constraints tab_check_unique unique(che_name);
添加检查约束:
--添加一个字段
alter table tab_check
add che_age number;
--添加检查约束
alter table tab_check
add constraints tab_check_age check(che_age>18 and che_age
--删除主键约束
alter table tab_check
drop constraints tab_check;
--禁用约束
alter table tab_check disable constraints tab_check;
--启用约束
alter table tab_check enable constraints tab_check;
复合约束,联合主键,也就是两个字段的组合成一个主键
--联合主键
create table tab_person(
tab_firstname varchar2(10),
tab_lastname varchar2(10),
tab_gender varchar2(5),
primary key(tab_firstname,tab_lastname)
);
为表添加外键约束:
alter table tab_stu
add constraints tab_stu foreign key(class_id) references tab_class(class_id);
相关阅读:
Oracle完整性约束
Oracle的约束和索引
从Oracle的约束到索引
Oracle常用数据类型和完整性约束
ORA-02291: 违反完整约束条件 …… - 未找到父项关键字

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