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使用LVM快照进行数据库备份

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Release: 2016-06-07 17:32:23
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使用mysqldump备份时,如果存储引擎为MyISAM,则只能实现温备份,并需使用选项--lock-all-tables锁定所有表。如果存储引擎为Inno

使用mysqldump备份时,如果存储引擎为MyISAM,则只能实现温备份,并需使用选项--lock-all-tables锁定所有表。如果存储引擎为InnoDB,则加上--single-transaction选项,可以实现热备。
使用mysqldump进行逻辑备份,还存在如下问题:
浮点数据丢失精度;

备份出的数据更占用空间;不过可压缩后以大大节省空间

不适合对大数据库(如一个库超过10G)做完全备份

另外对InnoDB而言,需要使用mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;刷新并锁定表时,可能需要花大量的时间

对InnoDB而言,即使锁定了,也不一定以为着没有数据的写入,此时事务日志可能还在同步到永久存储

一、备份单表数据另一个手段:
1.1 基本语法:
备份:
SELECT * INTO OUTFILE '/path/to/somefile.txt' FROM tb_name [WHERE clause];
还原:
LOAD DATA INFILE '/path/to/somefile.txt' INTO TABLE tb_name;
1.2 示例:
备份表:
mysql> SELECT * INTO OUTFILE '/tmp/tutors.txt' FROM tutors;
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.31 sec)
[root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/tutors.txt
2 HuangYaoshi M 63
3 Miejueshitai F 72
4 OuYangfeng M 76
6 YuCanghai M 56
7 Jinlunfawang M 67
8 HuYidao M 42
9 NingZhongze F 49
14 HuFei M 31
注意:导出的仅仅是数据,表结构并不会被导出。
创建用于恢复数据的空表:
mysql> CREATE TABLE test_tb LIKE tutors;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.28 sec)
还原数据到新表:
mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/tmp/tutors.txt' INTO TABLE test_tb;
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.17 sec)
Records: 8 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

2.2.2 通过另一个终端,保存二进制日志文件及相关位置信息;
$ mysql -uroot -p -e 'SHOW MASTER STATUS\G' > /path/to/master-`date +%F`.info

查看当前日志:
mysql> show master status;
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysqld-binlog.000007 | 650 | | | |
+----------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
备份增量日志:需要注意的是,,由于我使用了[FLUSH LOGS]滚动日志,因此理论上使用lvm快照卷备份后有两个日志的增量数据需要备份,即:mysqld-binlog.000006和mysqld-binlog.000007
查看备份开始时的日志位置:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /data/backup/master-2013-09-23.info
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysqld-binlog.000006
Position: 120
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
导出日志:
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=120 /data/mysql/mysqld-binlog.000006 >/data/backup/06.sql
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/mysql/mysqld-binlog.000007 >/data/backup/07.sql

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容

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