Home Database Mysql Tutorial Oracle中union/union all/Intersect/Minus用法

Oracle中union/union all/Intersect/Minus用法

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:32 PM

order by子句必须写在最后一个结果集里,并且其排序规则将改变操作后的排序结果;并且对于Union、Union All、Intersect、Minus都

Union,对两个结果集进行并集操作,不包括重复行,同时进行默认规则的排序;

Union All,对两个结果集进行并集操作,包括重复行,不进行排序;

Intersect,对两个结果集进行交集操作,不包括重复行,同时进行默认规则的排序;

Minus,对两个结果集进行差操作,不包括重复行,同时进行默认规则的排序。

order by子句必须写在最后一个结果集里,并且其排序规则将改变操作后的排序结果;并且对于Union、Union All、Intersect、Minus都有效。

表头会用第一个连接块的字段

1.Union

union用法中,两个select语句的字段类型匹配,而且字段个数要相同.

UNION连接的两个表是同一表,使用UNION会过滤重复行,显示的是一张表的数据。

下面SQL查询语句中两个表完全一样,所以查询显示的是单张表的信息。

SCOTT@bys1>select deptno,dname as "aa",loc from dept union select deptno,dname,loc from dept;
DEPTNO aa LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

2.Union All

UNION ALL,它的用法和union一样,只不过union含有distinct的功能,它会把两张表了重复的记录去掉,

而union all不会,所以从效率上,union all 会高一点,但在实际中用到的并不是很多.

效率上说,UNION ALL 要比UNION快很多,所以,如果可以确认合并的两个结果集中不包含重复的数据的话,那么就使用UNION ALL。
尽量使用union all,因为union需要进行排序,去除重复记录,效率低。 

下面SQL查询语句中两个表完全一样,所以查询显示了两次表内信息。

SCOTT@bys1>select deptno,dname,loc as "aa" from dept union allselect deptno,dname,loc as "bb" from dept;
DEPTNO DNAME aa
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

3.Intersect

对两个结果集进行交集操作,不包括重复行,同时进行默认规则的排序;返回两个表共同含有的数据,取出交集作为最终的返回结果。

下面SQL查询语句中两个表完全一样,,所以查询显示的是单张表的信息。
SCOTT@bys1>select deptno,dname,loc as "aa" from dept intersect select deptno,dname,loc as "bb" from dept;
DEPTNO DNAME aa
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

4.Minus

对两个结果集进行差操作,不包括重复行,同时进行默认规则的排序。

第一个结果集减去第二个结果集中的内容,所剩余的内容作为最终的返回结果。

下面SQL查询语句中两个表完全一样,所以查询显示无信息。

SCOTT@bys1>select deptno,dname,loc as "aa" from dept minus select deptno,dname,loc as "bb" from dept;

no rows selected

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