Home Database Mysql Tutorial Oracle OMF 功能详解

Oracle OMF 功能详解

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:33 PM
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OMF,全称是Oracle_Managed Files,即Oracle文件管理,使用OMF可以简化管理员的管理工作,不用指定文件的名字、大

OMF,全称是Oracle_Managed Files,即Oracle文件管理,使用OMF可以简化管理员的管理工作,不用指定文件的名字、大小、路径,其名字,大小,路径由oracle 自动分配。在删除不再使用的日志、数据、控制文件时,OMF也可以自动删除其对应的OS文件。

OMF支持下列文件的自动管理:

    表空间

    日志文件(联机)

    控制文件

前提条件:需要为这些类型文件设定相关参数。

 

一.数据文件的OMF管理

  数据文件管理参数:db_create_file_dest

  db_create_file_dest:Oracle创建数据文件、临时文件时,在未明确指定路径的情况下的缺省路径,当db_create_online_log_dest_n未指定时,

                      也作为联机日志文件和控制文件的缺省路径。

 

  假定需要创建表空间s及数据文件

 

    SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE s;  /*收到了错误信息*/

      create tablespace s

                      *

      ERROR at line 1:

      ORA-02199: missing DATAFILE/TEMPFILE clause

 

    SQL> show parameter db_create_file  /*查看db_create_file_dest参数*/

 

      NAME                                TYPE        VALUE

      ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

      db_create_file_dest                  string

 

    --设定db_create_file_dest参数

    SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET db_create_file_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl';

 

      System altered.

 

    --设定参数后,创建成功

    SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE s; 

 

      Tablespace created.

 

    SQL> SELECT NAME FROM v$datafile;  /*可以看到ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_s_5vrl1t7h_.dbf是Oralce自动创建的数据文件*/

 

      NAME

      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/Test.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_s_5vrl1t7h_.dbf

 

    /*查看物理文件,,缺省为MB*/

    SQL> ho ls -lh /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_s_5vrl1t7h_.dbf 

      -rw------- 1 oracle oinstall 101M Apr  7 16:54 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_s_5vrl1t7h_.dbf

 

    SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE t DATAFILE SIZE 10m;  /*也可指定数据文件的大小为MB*/

 

      Tablespace created.

 

    SQL> SELECT NAME FROM v$datafile;

 

      NAME

      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/Test.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_s_5vrl1t7h_.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_t_5vrlgqtl_.dbf

 

    SQL> ho ls -lh /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_t_5vrlgqtl_.dbf

      -rw------- 1 oracle oinstall 11M Apr  7 17:01 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_t_5vrlgqtl_.dbf

 

    --删除表空间时,对于使用了OMF生成的数据文件将随着表空间的删除一起被删除

    SQL> DROP TABLESPACE t;

 

    Tablespace dropped.

 

    --查看物理文件,已经不存在

    SQL> ho ls -lh /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_t_5vrlgqtl_.dbf 

      ls: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_t_5vrlgqtl_.dbf: No such file or directory

 

    --对于未采用OMF来创建的表空间,在删除表空间之后,其数据文件并没有删除,v$datafile视图中被删除

    --下面是未使用OMF创建的x表空间及数据文件

    SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE x DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/x.dbf' SIZE 10m;

 

      Tablespace created.

 

    SQL> SELECT NAME FROM v$datafile;     

 

      NAME

      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/Test.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_s_5vrl1t7h_.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/x.dbf

 

    SQL> DROP TABLESPACE x;

 

      Tablespace dropped.

 

    SQL> SELECT NAME FROM v$datafile; /*视图中已不存在x.dbf的数据文件*/

 

      NAME

      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/Test.dbf

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_s_5vrl1t7h_.dbf

 

    SQL> ho ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/x.dbf  /*操作系统中依然存在*/

      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/x.dbf

 

    --注意:使用OMF的时候会将物理文件删除,应特别注意使用

    --使用下面的方法重建x表空间,然后使用including contents and datafiles 彻底删除表空间及物理文件

    SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE X DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/x.dbf' REUSE; 

 

      Tablespace created.

 

    SQL> DROP TABLESPACE x INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;

 

      Tablespace dropped.

 

    SQL> ho ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/x.dbf

      ls: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/x.dbf: No such file or directory

 

总结:使用OMF管理文件的方法

  1.使用ALTER SYSTEM SET db_create_file_dest = ''设置路径

  2.查看刚刚的设置SHOW PARAMETER db_create_file_dest;

  3.创建表空间及数据文件CREATE TABLESPACE tablespace_name

  4.单独创建表空间CREATE TABLESPACE DATAFILE '' SIZE ;

  5.也可以创建undo和temporary tablespace 。CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE tablespace_name ;CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tablespace_name;

  6.删除表空间DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name ;OMF情况下则删除物理文件,等效于未使用OMF创建,使用INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES 删除方式

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容

相关阅读:

Oracle表空间创建删除,OMF,分区表创建

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