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ORA-000845 与 /dev/shm(tempfs)

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Release: 2016-06-07 17:33:06
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MEMORY_TARGET参数在Oracle 11g被引进,主要是用于控制Oracle对于系统内存的使用,首次将SGA与PGA整合到一起实现自动管理。一旦设

MEMORY_TARGET参数在Oracle 11g被引进,主要是用于控制Oracle对于系统内存的使用,首次将SGA与PGA整合到一起实现自动管理。一旦设置了MEMORY_TARGET参数值,Oracle会根据需要自动调整SGA与PGA以合理的分配及使用内存。但如果MEMORY_TARGET设置不当,就容易引起ORA-00845,因为MEMORY_TARGET与/dev/shm(tempfs)息息相关,本文即是对由此引发问题的描述。

1、故障现象
[oracle@linux1 catadb]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Nov 13 21:38:41 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

idle> startup nomount;
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

 

2、故障分析
[oracle@linux1 trace]$ oerr ora 00845
00845, 00000, "MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system"
// *Cause: The MEMORY_TARGET parameter was not supported on this operating system or /dev/shm was not sized correctly on Linux.
// *Action: Refer to documentation for a list of supported operating systems.
Or, size /dev/shm to be at least the SGA_MAX_SIZE on each Oracle instance running on the system.

#从上面的描述可知,/dev/shm的大小应该至少是当前系统每一个实例的SGA_MAX_SIZE,个人认为这个描述不是很准确

#下面查看告警日志
[oracle@linux1 trace]$ more alert_catadb.log 
Wed Nov 13 21:38:48 2013
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
WARNING: You are trying to use the MEMORY_TARGET feature. This feature requires the /dev/shm file system to be mounted for at least
1073741824 bytes. /dev/shm is either not mounted or is mounted with available space less than this size. Please fix this so that
MEMORY_TARGET can work as expected. Current available is 901312512 and used is 161312768 bytes.
Ensure that the mount point is /dev/shm for this directory. memory_target needs larger /dev/shm

#告警日志给出了比较精确的描述,/dev/shm至少是1GB,因为我们的参数文件中定义的MEMORY_TARGET为1GB
#同时也给出了/dev/shm当前已使用的和剩余空间的大小。剩余空间大小901312512不够1GB,因此需要考虑增加dev/shm或减少MEMORY_TARGET的值

#延伸思考
/dev/shm实际上就是对应到tmpfs,也可以称之为临时文件系统(不是块设备)。有点类似于Oracle数据库的临时表空间一样啊,,用于加速和优化系统。
我们可以通过df -h来查看到该加载点,该目录并不位于磁盘,而是在内存里,默认情况下,其大小为当前内存的一半,该文件系统会被自动加载。
/dev/shm的分配是按需分配,如我们前面的错误描述,当前分配了1GB,实际使用了154MB,剩余860MB。也就是说这860MB依旧可分配给其他应用程序。
使用tmps文件系统有一些优点,可以实现动态文件系统大小,其次是由于驻留内存,可以闪电加速。重启后被清空,也就是相当于闪存。

 

#当前系统的/dev/shm
[oracle@linux1 trace]$ df -h | grep shm         
tmpfs                1014M  154M  860M  16% /dev/shm
[oracle@linux1 ~]$ ls -hltr /dev/shm
total 154M
-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:06 ora_+ASM1_2686978_68
-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:06 ora_+ASM1_2686978_39
-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:06 ora_+ASM1_2686978_40
-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:06 ora_+ASM1_2686978_41
-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:06 ora_+ASM1_2686978_42
    ...............
-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:47 ora_+ASM1_2686978_66
-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:47 ora_+ASM1_2686978_52
-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 4.0M Nov 14 11:47 ora_+ASM1_2686978_67   

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