Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL分库分表环境下全局ID生成方案

MySQL分库分表环境下全局ID生成方案

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:33 PM
mysql sub-database and table

因为MySQL本身支持auto_increment操作,很自然地,我们会想到借助这个特性来实现这个功能。Flicker在解决全局ID生成方案里就采用

摘要: 介绍来自flicker和twitter的两种解决分布式环境下全局ID生成方案。

目录:

1. 数据库自增ID——来自Flicker的解决方案
2. 独立的应用程序——来自Twitter的解决方案

在大型互联网应用中,随着用户数的增加,为了提高应用的性能,我们经常需要对数据库进行分库分表操作。在单表时代,我们可以完全依赖于数据库的自增ID来唯一标识一个用户或数据对象。但是当我们对数据库进行了分库分表后,就不能依赖于每个表的自增ID来全局唯一标识这些数据了。因此,我们需要提供一个全局唯一的ID号生成策略来支持分库分表的环境。下面来介绍两种非常优秀的解决方案:

1. 数据库自增ID——来自Flicker的解决方案
因为MySQL本身支持auto_increment操作,很自然地,我们会想到借助这个特性来实现这个功能。Flicker在解决全局ID生成方案里就采用了MySQL自增长ID的机制(auto_increment + replace into + MyISAM)。一个生成64位ID方案具体就是这样的:
先创建单独的数据库(eg:ticket),然后创建一个表:

CREATE TABLE Tickets64 (
            id bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
            stub char(1) NOT NULL default '',
            PRIMARY KEY  (id),
            UNIQUE KEY stub (stub)
    ) ENGINE=MyISAM

当我们插入记录后,执行SELECT * from Tickets64,查询结果就是这样的:

+-------------------+------+
| id                | stub |
+-------------------+------+
| 72157623227190423 |    a |
+-------------------+------+

在我们的应用端需要做下面这两个操作,在一个事务会话里提交:

REPLACE INTO Tickets64 (stub) VALUES ('a');
SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID();

这样我们就能拿到不断增长且不重复的ID了。

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