Home Database Mysql Tutorial 减少不必要的group by字段

减少不必要的group by字段

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:36 PM
group by database

我们可以看到没有去掉多余字段前 Sorting for group和Copying to tmp table占用了大部分io和cpu,而去掉后Copying to tmp table占

后台某维度统计语句
SELECT products_id, sku, px_id, sj_id, cat_path, COUNT(*) AS pv, COUNT(DISTINCT ip) AS ip_numbers, SUM(is_bounce) AS bounce_numbers, SUM(remain_time) AS remain_time
    FROM dm_pv_records_search
    WHERE 1 AND add_date >= '2014-02-26 10:00:00' AND products_id > 0
GROUP BY products_id,sku, px_id, sj_id, cat_path
order by ip_numbers desc limit  0,20;

每次有同事在后台查询这类数据时,都反应数据非常慢,偶尔不能出来数据。

explain
+----+-------------+----------------------+-------+----------------------+----------+---------+------+---------+----------------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table                | type  | possible_keys        | key      | key_len | ref  | rows    | Extra                                        |
+----+-------------+----------------------+-------+----------------------+----------+---------+------+---------+----------------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | dm_pv_records_search | range | products_id,add_date | add_date | 8      | NULL | 12831019 | Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+----------------------+-------+----------------------+----------+---------+------+---------+----------------------------------------------+

这条语句索引使用是正确的,不过结果集及其大,而且需要对结果集group by操作。

观察该sql语句发现,sku,px_id,sj_id,cat_path四个字段为冗余字段,,都可以从其他表连表获得。

而改sql又存在order by .. limit m,n,可知道后期结果集只有20个,更加适合后期连接相关表获取其他必要的字段sku,px_id,sj_id,cat_path。
如此一转换,可以将group by中的sku,px_id,sj_id,cat_path去掉(其中sku和cat_path为字符串),节省后期大结果集中排序的内存。
而group by和distinct优化的一种方式是,尽量减少不必要的字段,可以参考简朝阳写的《MySQL性能调优和架构设计》的第8.6小结,或者参考以下连接: 。

我们可以尝试将sql改成
SELECT products_id, COUNT(*) AS pv, COUNT(DISTINCT ip) AS ip_numbers, SUM(is_bounce) AS bounce_numbers, SUM(remain_time) AS remain_time
    FROM dm_pv_records_search
    WHERE 1 AND add_date >= '2014-02-26 10:00:00' AND products_id > 0
GROUP BY products_id
order by ip_numbers desc limit  0,20;

对比两次profiling,前者执行时间是58s,后者执行时间是5s.
前者profiling如下
+----------------------+-----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| Status              | Duration  | CPU_user | CPU_system | Block_ops_in | Block_ops_out |
+----------------------+-----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+
| starting            |  0.000133 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| checking permissions |  0.000014 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| Opening tables      |  0.000031 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| System lock          |  0.000018 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| init                |  0.000061 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| optimizing          |  0.000019 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| statistics          |  0.000073 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| preparing            |  0.000051 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| Creating tmp table  |  0.000051 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| Sorting for group    | 47.735389 | 4.614299 |  10.773362 |        3632 |      2811456 |
| executing            |  0.000010 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| Copying to tmp table | 11.566292 | 0.910861 |  0.586911 |          256 |          4408 |
| Sorting result      |  0.030459 | 0.025996 |  0.004000 |            0 |            0 |
| Sending data        |  0.000057 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| end                  |  0.000005 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| removing tmp table  |  0.008139 | 0.000000 |  0.008998 |            0 |            0 |
| end                  |  0.000007 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| query end            |  0.000004 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| closing tables      |  0.000011 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| freeing items        |  0.000071 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| removing tmp table  |  0.000006 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| freeing items        |  0.000331 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| logging slow query  |  0.000006 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
| logging slow query  |  0.000047 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            8 |
| cleaning up          |  0.000005 | 0.000000 |  0.000000 |            0 |            0 |
+----------------------+-----------+----------+------------+--------------+---------------+

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