新闻数据库分表案例
新闻数据库分表案例目录:[-]NetkillerMySQL手札MySQLMariaDB...Mr.NeoChan,陈景峰(BG7NYT)4.16.3.新闻数据库分表案例NetkillerMySQL手札MySQLMariaDB...Mr.NeoC
新闻数据库分表案例
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$Date: 2013-04-10 15:03:49 +0800 (Wed, 10 Apr 2013) $
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4.16.3. 新闻数据库分表案例
这里我通过一个新闻网站为例,解决分表的问题
避免开发中经常拼接表,我采用一个一劳永逸的方法,建立一个 news 表使用黑洞引擎,然后通过出发器将数据分流到匹配的表中。同时采用uuid替代数字序列,可以保证未来数年不会出现ID用尽。
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `news` ( `uuid` varchar(36) NOT NULL COMMENT '唯一ID', `title` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻标题', `body` text NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻正文', `ctime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '创建时间', `mtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '修改时间', `atime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '访问时间', PRIMARY KEY (`uuid`) ) ENGINE=BLACKHOLE DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;该表仅仅用于举例,结构比较简单。接下来创建年份分表,你也可以每个月一个表,根据你的许下灵活调整。表结构与上面的news表相同,注意 ENGINE=InnoDB。
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `news_2012` ( `uuid` varchar(36) NOT NULL COMMENT '唯一ID', `title` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻标题', `body` text NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻正文', `ctime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '创建时间', `mtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '修改时间', `atime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '访问时间', PRIMARY KEY (`uuid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='news 表'; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `news_2013` ( `uuid` varchar(36) NOT NULL COMMENT '唯一ID', `title` varchar(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻标题', `body` text NOT NULL COMMENT '新闻正文', `ctime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '创建时间', `mtime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '修改时间', `atime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00' COMMENT '访问时间', PRIMARY KEY (`uuid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='news 表';uuid 索引表,主要的功能是通过uuid查询出该记录在那张表中。更好的方案是将数据放入solr中处理,包括标题与内容搜索等等。
CREATE TABLE `news_index` ( `uuid` VARCHAR(36) NOT NULL, `tbl_name` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`uuid`) ) COMMENT='news uuid 索引表' COLLATE='utf8_general_ci' ENGINE=InnoDB;news_insert 过程,用于向目标表中插入数据,可以单独call 但不建议。因为insert 远比 call 更通用,要考虑移植性与通用性
DELIMITER // CREATE DEFINER=`neo`@`%` PROCEDURE `news_insert`(IN `uuid` vARCHAR(36), IN `title` VARCHAR(50), IN `body` TEXT, IN `ctime` TIMESTAMP) BEGIN if year(ctime) = '2012' then insert into news_2012(uuid,title,body,ctime) values(uuid,title, body, ctime); end if; if year(ctime) = '2013' then insert into news_2013(uuid,title,body,ctime) values(uuid,title, body, ctime); end if; insert into news_index values(uuid, year(ctime)); END// DELIMITER ;插入触发器,负责获取 uuid 然后调用存储过程
SET @OLDTMP_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE=''; DELIMITER // CREATE TRIGGER `news_before_insert` BEFORE INSERT ON `news` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN IF new.uuid is null or new.uuid = '' or length(new.uuid) != 36 THEN set new.uuid=uuid(); END IF; call news_insert(new.uuid,new.title,new.body,new.ctime); END// DELIMITER ; SET SQL_MODE=@OLDTMP_SQL_MODE;这个触发器用户保护表中的 uuid 值不被修改。
SET @OLDTMP_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE=''; DELIMITER // CREATE TRIGGER `news_before_update` BEFORE UPDATE ON `news_2013` FOR EACH ROW BEGIN set new.uuid = old.uuid; END// DELIMITER ; SET SQL_MODE=@OLDTMP_SQL_MODE;
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