Home Database Mysql Tutorial 2013年10月15日数据库学习:约束

2013年10月15日数据库学习:约束

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:38 PM
study database constraint

在数据库中,约束主要有:主键;外键;check约束; default约束;unique约束;not null 约束 主键约束:不允许出现重复的元素,避免了数据的冗余 外键约束:通过外键约束从语法上保证该事物所创建的其他事物是一定存在的 事物和事物之间的关系通过外键来体现

在数据库中,约束主要有:主键;外键;check约束; default约束;unique约束;not null 约束

 主键约束:不允许出现重复的元素,避免了数据的冗余

外键约束:通过外键约束从语法上保证该事物所创建的其他事物是一定存在的 事物和事物之间的关系通过外键来体现

check(范围) 约束:保证事物属性的取值在合法的范围以内

default(默认) 约束:保证事物的实行一定会有一个值

unique(唯一)约束:保证事物属性的取值不允许重复,,但是可以为空

加入我们需要建一个学生表

表中的内容包括{姓名,学号(唯一),性别(默认男),年龄(15-20),邮箱(唯一),地址)

我们可以通过如下SQL语句来建表:

通过查询语句

我们可以看到现实结果为:

假定我们输入:

可以看到表为:

主键约束和唯一约束的区别:
主键约束不可以为空,而唯一约束允许有且只有一个可以为空

我们输入:

可以看到表变为:

此时性别显示为默认值 为男假如我们输入的年龄为 30岁,我们可以看一下执行效果:

此语句不能被执行,因为违反了check约束;

not null 和default的约束

这两个约束都允许用户不赋值,

not null 修饰的字段如果不赋值,默认的是null

default 修饰的字段如果不赋值,默认的是default 

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