在OEL6.1下安装ORACLE 11G R2
这次安装oracle选择的是oracle11.2.0.3版本,下载的安装包总共有7个,单独安装数据库需要使用前两个,具体安装步骤如下:1.将数据库文件复制到服务器上cpp1040453
这次安装oracle选择的是oracle 11.2.0.3版本,香港服务器租用,下载的安装包总共有7个,单独安装数据库需要使用前两个,具体安装步骤如下:
1. 将数据库文件复制到服务器上
cp p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_{1,2,}* /u01/
2. 解压数据库文件
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
3. 检查/etc/hosts
注意将主机名的对应信息加入hosts文件
关闭sendmail 与iptables
Chkconfig –list iptables
Chkconfig –list sendmail
service sendmail stop
service iptables stop
4. 创建用户和组
useradd oracle
passwd oracle
groupadd dba
usermod -G dba oracle
chown -R oracle:dba /u01/
chmod –R 755 /u01/
检查以下补丁是否已经安装(挂载iso文件,使用mount –o loop 路径 /mnt/iso)
binutils-2.15.92.0.2-18
compat-libstdc++-33.2.3-47.3
elfutils-libelf-0.97-5
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97-5
glibc-2.3.9.4-2.19
glibc-common-2.3.9.4-2.19
glibc-devel-2.3.9.4-2.19
gcc-3.4.5-2
gcc-c++-3.4.5-2
libaio-devel-0.3.105-2
libaio-0.3.105-2
libgcc-3.4.5
libstdc++-3.4.5-2
libstdc++-devel-3.4.5-2
make-3.80-5
sysstat-5.0.5
unixODBC-2.2.11
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11
[root@erp1 Packages]# rpm -ivh binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.28.el6.x86_64.rpm compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-devel-0.152-1.el6.x86_64.rpm glibc-common-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64.rpm glibc-devel-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm gcc-c++-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm libgcc-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm libstdc++-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm libstdc++-devel-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm make-3.81-19.el6.x86_64.rpm sysstat-9.0.4-18.el6.x86_64.rpm unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6.x86_64.rpm unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6.x86_64.rpm compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm ksh-20100621-12.el6.x86_64.rpm libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
5. 修改/etc/sysctl.conf,加入以下内容:
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni = 4096
#semaphores:semmsl,semmns,semopm,semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
结束后,执行
/sbin/sysctl -p
6. 修改/etc/security/limits.conf,加入内容
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
7. 修改/etc/pam.d/login,加入内容
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so //对64位系统这条不需要
session required pam_limits.so
8. 修改/etc/profile,加入内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
9. 使用oracle用户登录,修改.bash_profile文件
su - oracle
vi .bash_profile 加入以下内容
#DISPLAY=localhost:0.0
#export DISPLAY
export ORACLE_SID=center
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0./db_1
export ORA_CRS_HOME=/u01/app/product/crs_1
export ORACLE_ADMIN=$ORACLE_BASE/admin
export ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export JAVA_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/lib:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:
相关参数文件的内容解释:
a) vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmall为物理内存除以pagesize;
kernel.shmmax为物理内存的一半;
fs.file-max为512 乘以 processes (如128个process则为 65536);
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range/net.core.rmem_default/net.core.rmem_max三个参数设置和官方文档不一样, 这是根据metalink 343431.1 最新要求更改的;
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem/net.ipv4.tcp_wmem两个参数一般情况下无需设置, 除非是在Dataguard/Streams等需很多网络传输情况下;
其它参数根据官方文档要求设置即可.
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
修改以后让参数生效:
# /sbin/sysctl -p
Shmmax 是核心参数中最重要的参数之一,用于定义单个共享内存段的最大值,
shmmax 设置应该足够大,能在一个共享内存段下容纳下整个的SGA ,设置的过低可能会导致需要创建多个共享内存段,香港虚拟主机,这样可能导致系统性能的下降。
kernel.shmall 参数是控制共享内存页数。Linux 共享内存页大小为4KB, 共享内
存段的大小都是共享内存页大小的整数倍。一个共享内存段的最大大小是16G,那么需要共享内存页数是 16GB/4KB=16777216KB/4KB=4194304 (页),也就是64Bit 系统下16GB 物理内存,设置 kernel.shmall = 4194304 才符合要求(几乎是原来设置2097152 的两倍)。这时可以将shmmax 参数调整到 16G 了,同时可以修改SGA_MAX_SIZE 和SGA_TARGET 为 12G(您想设置的SGA 最大大小,当然也可以是2G~14G 等,还要协调PGA参数及OS 等其他内存使用,不能设置太满,比如16G)。
kernel.shmmni ----
shmmni 内核参数是共享内存段的最大数量(注意这个参数不是 shmmin,是
shmmni, shmmin 表示内存段最小大小 ) 。shmmni 缺省值 4096 ,一般肯定是够用了 。
在安装Oracle 之前通常需要设置kernel.sem这个参数,下面对些作简单介绍:
sem其实是semaphores的缩写,查看当前设置
[Oracle@ebsse oracle]$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem
250 32000 100 128
4个数据分别对应
SEMMSL SEMMNS SEMOPM SEMMNI
如当Oracle DB初始化参数文件中PROCESSES参数设置较大时,需要调整SEMAPHORES设置
SEMMSL应该设置为服务器中各个实例中最大的PROCESSES参数+10,例如,当最大的PROCESSES参数为5000时,SEMMSL应设置为5010。
SEMMNS参数应设置为SEMMSL*SEMMNI,接上例SEMMSL为5010,SEMMNS参数应为(5010*128)=641280。
SEMOPM参数应设置与SEMMSL参数相同,接上例此处应设置为5010
更改当前SEMAPHORES参数设置:
[Oracle@ebsse oracle]$ su
Password:
[root@ebsse Oracle]# echo "5010 641280 5010 128" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem
[root@ebsse Oracle]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem
5010 641280 5010 128
如需启动时自动应用,可在/etc/sysctl.conf增加:
kernel.sem =5010 641280 5010 128
SEMMNI 100 Defines the maximum number of semaphore sets in the entire system.

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