OCP知识点讲解 之 Undo回滚基础知识
一、什么是回滚段?1.回滚段表空间,Oracle的官方叫法为还原表空间:还原表空间可以有多个,但在任意一个时刻,只能有一个是当前还..
一、什么是回滚段?
1. 回滚段表空间,Oracle的官方叫法为“还原表空间”:
2. 回滚段:
在Oracle中,虚拟主机,段是逻辑结构中最高一层。表就是段,我们称为表段,索引是索引段,等等。回滚段也是段,我们可以把它看作表,一种由系统自己创建的表。
系统默认创建11个回滚段,当然,如果还原表空间太小,默认回滚段数量也可能小于这个数字,可如下查看它们的名字:
sys@MYTWO> select * from v$rollname;
USN NAME
---------- ------------------------------
0 SYSTEM
11 _SYSSMU11$
12 _SYSSMU12$
: :
: :
19 _SYSSMU19$
20 _SYSSMU20$
已选择11行。
将活动还原表空间切换到UNDOTBS3上再看:
sys@MYTWO> select * from v$rollname;
USN NAME
---------- ------------------------------
0 SYSTEM
23 _SYSSMU23$
24 _SYSSMU24$
25 _SYSSMU25$
因为UNDOTBS3只有512K,所以系统默认创建的回滚段只有3个。
还原表空间中回滚段的数量是会根据情况调整的。当繁忙时,系统将会自动创建更多的回滚段,空闲时系统也会自动回收回滚段。我们也可以从告警日志中看到回滚段的创建与回收。
3、观察UNDOTBS3回滚段:
UNDOTBS3是我们后面的练习需要频繁使用的还原表空间,它共有512K字节,128个块。下面我们通过DBA_UNDO_EXTENTS观察一下UNDOTBS3中回滚段的区占用情况:
--- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
从以上结果可以看到_SYSSMU25$回滚段占用两个区,0号区从第82号块开始到96号块,共15个块。1号区从97号块开始到112号块,共16个块。为什么1号区比0号区多一个块?这是因为第81块被作为了回滚段头,回滚段头要保存重要信息:事务表,下面马上就要讲到了。从第82号块开始才可以保存回滚记录。我们也可以从DBA_EXTENTS中得到同样的结果。
用上面的命令观察一下UNDOTBS3中的每一个回滚段,画一个简要的关于每个回滚段空间占用情况的图,要对这些回滚段的区、块的分部有印象,这样才能更好的明白下面章节的内容。
UNDOTBS3中的回滚段,每个各占两个区,这是因为通常的回滚段,最小就是两个区。
二、相关参数介绍:
1.UNDO_MANAGEMENT:这个参数确定了Undo空间的管理方式。该参数是个静态参数(不可以动态修改)。如果设置为MANUAL,则使用rollback-managed undo (RMU)管理模式;如果设置为AUTO,则使用system-managed undo (SMU) 或者automatically managed undo (AMU)管理模式。在Oracle 9i数据库中,AUTO是缺省值。

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