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Oracle 数据结构知多少(一)

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:41 PM

更多精彩内容请光临www.leonarding.com《Oracle数据结构知多少(一)》一概念篇这里呢我只是把Oracle逻辑结构和物理结构所涉及到的segment段extent区block块的概

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《Oracle 数据结构知多少(一)》

一 概念篇

这里呢我只是把Oracle逻辑结构和物理结构所涉及到的segment段  extent区  block块的概念和相互管理简要的说明一下。

Segment段:Oracle内部常叫“段对象”,凡是分配存储空间的对象就叫段对象。既可以自动段空间管理ASSM,又可以手动段空间管理MSSM。段属性依赖于块属性。

Extent区:多个区组成一个段,区是Oracle最小的分配单元,区与区不一定是连续的,区可以分布在不同的数据文件上。

Block块:一片连续的块组成一个区,是Oracle最小的IO单元,最小的操作单元,RMAN备份/恢复最小单元,数据库块是操作系统块的整数倍。

数据I/O:由磁盘与内存之间的通道决定的,而不是由数据怎么分割决定的。分割只是善于管理,I/O方面影响不大。(例如 放在一个表空间和放在多个表空间)

一方面I/O通道导致性能下降

一方面latch争用导致性能下降


二 数据库版本

LEO1@LEO1> select * from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE    11.2.0.1.0      Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

三 实验篇

1.查看一个表空间,有多少个extents,多少blocks,多少空余空间。

查看表空间空间使用情况,我想这是100%DBA每天都要做的工作,现在我把自己常用的表空间查询语句测试一下。

LEO1@LEO1> select df.tablespace_name "表空间名",totalspace "总空间M",freespace "剩余空间M",round((1-freespace/totalspace)*100,2) "使用率%"

from

(select tablespace_name,round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024) totalspace from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) df,

(select tablespace_name,round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024) freespace from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) fs

where df.tablespace_name=fs.tablespace_name order by df.tablespace_name ;   

表空间名                 总空间M     剩余空间M     使用率%

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LEO1                     400           248           38       业务表空间

SYSAUX                   610           38            93.77

SYSTEM                   710           18            97.46

UNDOTBS1                165           134           18.79

UNDOTBS2                100           0             100

USERS                    5             4             20

查看一个表空间,有多少个extents,多少blocks呢?

LEO1@LEO1> select tablespace_name,file_id,extent_id,block_id,blocks from dba_extents where tablespace_name='LEO1' order by extent_id;

TABLESPACE_NAME                   FILE_ID  EXTENT_ID   BLOCK_ID     BLOCKS

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

LEO1                                    5         22      39040        128

LEO1                                    5         22      40192        128

LEO1                                    5         22      41344        128

LEO1                                    5         22      42752        128

LEO1                                    5         22       8576        128

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