sql server和oracle行转列的一种典型方法
对于有些业务来说,数据在表中的存储和其最终的Grid表现恰好相当于把源表倒转,那么这个时候我们就碰到了如何把行转化为列的问题,为了简化问题,我们且看如下查询出来的数据,您不必关心表的设计以及sql语句: 假设用到的sql语句为: SELECT [姓名],[时代],
对于有些业务来说,数据在表中的存储和其最终的Grid表现恰好相当于把源表倒转,那么这个时候我们就碰到了如何把行转化为列的问题,为了简化问题,我们且看如下查询出来的数据,您不必关心表的设计以及sql语句:
假设用到的sql语句为:
SELECT [姓名],[时代],[金钱]
FROM [test].[dbo].[people]
这个表存储了两个人在不同时代(时代是固定的三个:年轻、中年和老年)拥有的金币,其中:
张三在年轻、中年和老年时期分别拥有1000、5000、800个金币;
李四在年轻、中年和老年时期分别拥有1200、6000、500个金币。
现在我们想把两人在不同阶段拥有的金币用类似如下的表格来展现:
姓名年轻中年老年
张三10005000800
李四12006000500
我们现在考虑用最简单和直接的办法来实现,其实关键是如何创建那些需要增加的列,且如何设定其值,现在我们来创建“年轻”列,关键的问题是,这一列的值如何设定?合法的逻辑应该是这样:如果该行不是“年轻”时代,那么其“金钱”我们认为是0,那么sql语句如何写呢?
如果是用的SQL Server,那么肯定要用到case了:
case [时代] when '年轻' then [金钱] else 0 end as 年轻
或
case when [时代]= '年轻' then [金钱] else 0 end as 年轻
如果用的是Oracle,美国空间,那么要用到decode函数,decode(1+1,3,'错',2,'是',5,'错','都不满足下返回的值'),这个函数将返回“是”,具体用法限于篇幅这里不再介绍,相信大家从这个式子可以大概了解到其意思,用decode创建“年轻”列的句子是:完整的sql语句如下所示:
decode(时代,'年轻',金钱,0)) 年轻
SELECT [姓名],[时代],[金钱],
case [时代] when '年轻' then [金钱] else 0 end as 年轻,
case [时代] when '中年' then [金钱] else 0 end as 中年,
case [时代] when '老年' then [金钱] else 0 end as 老年
FROM [test].[dbo].[people]
现在我们来看看其执行结果:
相信看到这个结果,大家都知道下一步该做什么,香港虚拟主机,那就是分组:按姓名分组,并且对三个时代的金钱进行求和:
select [姓名],sum([年轻]) as 年轻,sum([中年]) as 中年,sum([老年]) as 老年 from
(SELECT [姓名],[时代],[金钱],
case [时代] when '年轻' then [金钱] else 0 end as 年轻,
case [时代] when '中年' then [金钱] else 0 end as 中年,
case [时代] when '老年' then [金钱] else 0 end as 老年
FROM [test].[dbo].[people]) t
group by [姓名]
这里用到了子查询,是为了逻辑更清晰一点,服务器空间,其实可以不用子查询;至于oracle下的sql语句,除了要使用decode之外,其余几乎一致,本人正是在oracle中实现之后才研究了下sql server下的实现方式。
最后看看结果:
事实上,当列不固定的时候,比如除了“年轻”、“中年”、“老年”以外还有其他的未知的时代,实现思路其实基本一致,只是需要动态生成sql而已。

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