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sqlserver中with(nolock)详解

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:45 PM
sqlserver with Detailed explanation

转载: 在查询语句中使用 NOLOCK 和 READPAST 处理一个数据库死锁的异常时候,其中一个建议就是使用 NOLOCK 或者 READPAST 。有关 NOLOCK 和 READPAST的一些技术知识点: 对于非银行等严格要求事务的行业,搜索记录中出现或者不出现某条记录,都是在可容忍范

转载:

在查询语句中使用 NOLOCK 和 READPAST

      处理一个数据库死锁的异常时候,其中一个建议就是使用 NOLOCK 或者 READPAST 。有关 NOLOCK 和 READPAST的一些技术知识点:

      对于非银行等严格要求事务的行业,搜索记录中出现或者不出现某条记录,香港虚拟主机,都是在可容忍范围内,所以碰到死锁,应该首先考虑,我们业务逻辑是否能容忍出现或者不出现某些记录,而不是寻求对双方都加锁条件下如何解锁的问题。

      NOLOCK 和 READPAST 都是处理查询、插入、删除等操作时候,如何应对锁住的数据记录。但是这时候一定要注意NOLOCK 和 READPAST的局限性,确认你的业务逻辑可以容忍这些记录的出现或者不出现:


简单来说:

NOLOCK 可能把没有提交事务的数据也显示出来.

READPAST 会把被锁住的行不显示出来

不使用 NOLOCK 和 READPAST ,在 Select 操作时候则有可能报错误:事务(进程 ID **)与另一个进程被死锁在 锁 资源上,香港服务器,并且已被选作死锁牺牲品。

 

下面就来演示这个情况。

为了演示两个事务死锁的情况,香港虚拟主机,我们下面的测试都需要在SQL Server Management Studio中打开两个查询窗口。保证事务不被干扰。

 

演示一 没有提交的事务,NOLOCK 和 READPAST处理的策略:

查询窗口一请执行如下脚本:

CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 int IDENTITY(1,1), c2 int)
go

BEGIN TRANSACTION
insert t1(c2) values(1)

 

在查询窗口一执行后,查询窗口二执行如下脚本:

select count(*) from t1 WITH(NOLOCK)
select count(*) from t1 WITH(READPAST)

 

结果与分析:

查询窗口二依次显示统计结果为: 1、0

查询窗口一的命令没有提交事务,所以 READPAST 不会计算没有提交事务的这一条记录,这一条被锁住了,READPAST 看不到;而NOLOCK则可以看到被锁住的这一条记录。

 

如果这时候我们在查询窗口二中执行:

select count(*) from t1 就会看到这个执行很久不能执行完毕,因为这个查询遇到了一个死锁。

 

清除掉这个测试环境,需要在查询窗口一中再执行如下语句:

ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
drop table t1

 

演示二:对被锁住的记录,NOLOCK 和 READPAST处理的策略

 

这个演示同样需要两个查询窗口。

请在查询窗口一中执行如下语句:

CREATE TABLE t2 (UserID int , NickName nvarchar(50))
go
insert t2(UserID,NickName) values(1,'lucas')
insert t2(UserID,NickName) values(2,'fuckcpp')
go

BEGIN TRANSACTION
update t2 set NickName = 'fuckcpp.net' where UserID = 2

 

请在查询窗口二中执行如下脚本:

select * from t2 WITH(NOLOCK) where UserID = 2
select * from t2 WITH(READPAST) where UserID = 2

 

结果与分析:

查询窗口二中, NOLOCK 对应的查询结果中我们看到了修改后的记录,READPAST对应的查询结果中我们没有看到任何一条记录。 这种情况下就可能发生脏读

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