oracle创建触发器与常见问题
oracle创建与常见问题
Oracle DBA Studio 工具里面就能创建触发器
CREATE TRIGGER
名称
CREATE TRIGGER — 创建一个新触发器
语法
CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [OR ...] }
ON table FOR EACH { ROW | STATEMENT }
EXECUTE PROCEDURE func ( arguments )
输入
name
触发器名称.
table
表名称.
event
INSERT,DELETE 或 UPDATE 之一.
funcname
一个用户提供的函数.
输出
CREATE
如果触发器成功创建,返回此信息.
描述
CREATE TRIGGER 将向现有中增加一个新的触发器.触发器将与表 table 相联并且将执行声明的函数 funcname.
触发器可以声明为在对记录进行操作之前(在检查约束之前和 INSERT,UPDATE 或 DELETE 执行前)或之后(在检查约束之后和完成了 INSERT,UPDATE 或 DELETE 操作)触发.如果触发器在事件之前,触发器可能略过当前记录的操作或改变被插入的(当前)记录(只对 INSERT 和 UPDATE 操作有效).如果触发器在事件之后,所有更改,包括最后的插入,更新或删除对触发器都是"可见"的.
请参考 PostgreSQL 程序员手册 中SPI 和触发器章节获取更多信息.
注意
CREATE TRIGGER 是一个 Postgres 语言扩展.
只有表所有者可以就此表创建一个触发器.
在当前的版本(v7.0),STATEMENT 触发器还没有实现.
请参考 DROP TRIGGER 获取如何删除触发器的信息.
用法
在插入或更新表 films 之前检查一下声明的分销商代码是否存在于 distributors 表中:
CREATE TRIGGER if_dist_exists
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON films FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE check_primary_key ('did', 'distributors', 'did');
在删除或更新一个分销商的内容之前,将所有记录移到表 films 中(译注:好象与例子意义不同):
CREATE TRIGGER if_film_exists
BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON distributors FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE check_foreign_key (1, 'CASCADE', 'did', 'films', 'did');
兼容性
SQL92
在 SQL92 里没有 CREATE TRIGGER 语句.
上面第二个例子可以使用一个 FOREIGN KEY 约束实现:
CREATE TABLE distributors (
did DECIMAL(3),
name VARCHAR(40),
CONSTRAINT if_film_exists
FOREIGN KEY(did) REFERENCES films
ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE
);
实例
create trigger tri_emp
after insert on employees
for each row
insert into new values(:new.sno,:new.sname,:new.sex,:new.depart)
--------------
create trigger tri_emp_delete
after delete on employees
for each row
delete from new where sno=:old.sno
--------------
create trigger tri_emp_update
after update on employees
for each row
begin
delete from new where sno=:old.sno;
insert into new values(:new.sno,:new.sname,:new.sex,:new.depart);
end;
--------------
注意;的使用,如果在begin和end子句中有多条语句的话,每条句子后面都应该有一个分号
最近最一个oracle的项目,需要自定义生成触发器,但是在组装的SQL语句生成的触发器却始终出现错误。将生产的SQL语句拿到SQLPLUS去执行(oracle 10g),出现
错误:Warning: Trigger created with compilation errors.
进到企业管理器去查看触发器,会发现如下错误:
“ Line # = 2 Column # = 128 Error Text = PL/SQL: ORA-00984: column not allowed here
Line # = 2 Column # = 1 Error Text = PL/SQL: SQL Statement ignored
”
确实不知道是什么错误,通过网络搜索“ column not allowed here”,有人说是字符(char)、整形的
类型转换问题,但这个问题如何解决呢?
测试用表使用了两张字段相同的表,分别命名为userinfo_old,uerinfo_new.
SQL生成的触发器如下:
create trigger test_trigger
after insert on userinfo_old
for each row
begin
insert into userinfo_new values (userinfo_old.userid,userinfo_old.username,userinfo_old.userpass,userinfo_old.sex,userinfo_old.userqq);
end;

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