oracle数据库学习笔记
1、约束
2、外连接
3、视图
4、转换函数
to_char 将参数转换为字符串给我们看。
to_char(日期|表示日期的字符串,'格式')按照某种格式表示出来
to_char(hiredate,'dd')='03'
to_date 将字符串解析为日期类型,为了添加表中date类型的字段的数据的,给不了日期类型
,除了sysdate
to_number 将字符串转换为数据
to_number('5','xx')
约束:对字段而言
not null不为空 unique唯一 primary key 唯一且不为空 check 检查约束 foreign
key 某一个字段作为外键,这个外键字段的值取值范围必须是主表的主键字段的值
references
行(列)级约束:字段类型后跟着约束,不可以加约束名 not null 只能是行级约束
表级约束:定义完表之后再跟约束,可以自定义约束的名字。
级联操作, foreign key(home) references parent(id) on delete cascade;
on delete set null;
联合主键:只能作为表级约束 两个以上的字段组合要唯一(primary key(id1,id2))
create table study( stu_name varchar2(15), con_name varchar2(15),sorce_name
number(4,1) primary key(stu_name,con_name));
多表查询:
表连接:找关键字段,找关联字段(能让几张表建立起关系起来的字段)
emp ,dept(deptno)
emp,salgrage(sal,losal,hisal)
emp e,emp m (mgr)
左外连接:表1 left outer join 表2 on 表1(字段)=表2(字段)
右外连接:表1 right outer join 表2 on 表1(字段)=表2(字段)
from 表1,表2 where 表1(字段)=表2(字段)(+)在表2+中加上几条空记录,把表1的记
录全找出来 没有+号表示内连接
一方增加空记录用来匹配对方表,或者说将对方表我们关心的数据全部找出来
找出员工,工作的部门号及名称包括没有员工的部门
emp.ename,dept.deptno,dept.dept.dname,dept.lol from emp,dept where
emp.deptno(+)=dept.deptno; emp.ename会有空记录
将执行结果导出来:
spool d:1.sql
........
spool off

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics



The message "Your organization has asked you to change your PIN" will appear on the login screen. This happens when the PIN expiration limit is reached on a computer using organization-based account settings, where they have control over personal devices. However, if you set up Windows using a personal account, the error message should ideally not appear. Although this is not always the case. Most users who encounter errors report using their personal accounts. Why does my organization ask me to change my PIN on Windows 11? It's possible that your account is associated with an organization, and your primary approach should be to verify this. Contacting your domain administrator can help! Additionally, misconfigured local policy settings or incorrect registry keys can cause errors. Right now

Windows 11 brings fresh and elegant design to the forefront; the modern interface allows you to personalize and change the finest details, such as window borders. In this guide, we'll discuss step-by-step instructions to help you create an environment that reflects your style in the Windows operating system. How to change window border settings? Press + to open the Settings app. WindowsI go to Personalization and click Color Settings. Color Change Window Borders Settings Window 11" Width="643" Height="500" > Find the Show accent color on title bar and window borders option, and toggle the switch next to it. To display accent colors on the Start menu and taskbar To display the theme color on the Start menu and taskbar, turn on Show theme on the Start menu and taskbar

By default, the title bar color on Windows 11 depends on the dark/light theme you choose. However, you can change it to any color you want. In this guide, we'll discuss step-by-step instructions for three ways to change it and personalize your desktop experience to make it visually appealing. Is it possible to change the title bar color of active and inactive windows? Yes, you can change the title bar color of active windows using the Settings app, or you can change the title bar color of inactive windows using Registry Editor. To learn these steps, go to the next section. How to change title bar color in Windows 11? 1. Using the Settings app press + to open the settings window. WindowsI go to "Personalization" and then

Do you see "A problem occurred" along with the "OOBELANGUAGE" statement on the Windows Installer page? The installation of Windows sometimes stops due to such errors. OOBE means out-of-the-box experience. As the error message indicates, this is an issue related to OOBE language selection. There is nothing to worry about, you can solve this problem with nifty registry editing from the OOBE screen itself. Quick Fix – 1. Click the “Retry” button at the bottom of the OOBE app. This will continue the process without further hiccups. 2. Use the power button to force shut down the system. After the system restarts, OOBE should continue. 3. Disconnect the system from the Internet. Complete all aspects of OOBE in offline mode

Taskbar thumbnails can be fun, but they can also be distracting or annoying. Considering how often you hover over this area, you may have inadvertently closed important windows a few times. Another disadvantage is that it uses more system resources, so if you've been looking for a way to be more resource efficient, we'll show you how to disable it. However, if your hardware specs can handle it and you like the preview, you can enable it. How to enable taskbar thumbnail preview in Windows 11? 1. Using the Settings app tap the key and click Settings. Windows click System and select About. Click Advanced system settings. Navigate to the Advanced tab and select Settings under Performance. Select "Visual Effects"

We all have different preferences when it comes to display scaling on Windows 11. Some people like big icons, some like small icons. However, we all agree that having the right scaling is important. Poor font scaling or over-scaling of images can be a real productivity killer when working, so you need to know how to customize it to get the most out of your system's capabilities. Advantages of Custom Zoom: This is a useful feature for people who have difficulty reading text on the screen. It helps you see more on the screen at one time. You can create custom extension profiles that apply only to certain monitors and applications. Can help improve the performance of low-end hardware. It gives you more control over what's on your screen. How to use Windows 11

Screen brightness is an integral part of using modern computing devices, especially when you look at the screen for long periods of time. It helps you reduce eye strain, improve legibility, and view content easily and efficiently. However, depending on your settings, it can sometimes be difficult to manage brightness, especially on Windows 11 with the new UI changes. If you're having trouble adjusting brightness, here are all the ways to manage brightness on Windows 11. How to Change Brightness on Windows 11 [10 Ways Explained] Single monitor users can use the following methods to adjust brightness on Windows 11. This includes desktop systems using a single monitor as well as laptops. let's start. Method 1: Use the Action Center The Action Center is accessible

The activation process on Windows sometimes takes a sudden turn to display an error message containing this error code 0xc004f069. Although the activation process is online, some older systems running Windows Server may experience this issue. Go through these initial checks, and if they don't help you activate your system, jump to the main solution to resolve the issue. Workaround – close the error message and activation window. Then restart the computer. Retry the Windows activation process from scratch again. Fix 1 – Activate from Terminal Activate Windows Server Edition system from cmd terminal. Stage – 1 Check Windows Server Version You have to check which type of W you are using
