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sql防注入的常见方法

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:46 PM

sql防注入的常见方法

sql防注入的常见方法

种数据验证的途径可以分类为以下几种:

1)整理数据使之变得有效
2)拒绝已知的非法输入
3)只接受已知的合法的输入

方法1有很多概念上的问题;首先,开发者没有必要知道非法数据由什么组成,因为新形式的非法数据随时都可能产生。第二,改变数据会改变它的长度,这样会导致前面提到的问题。最后,还有需要对系统已有数据的重用的话有二次注入的问题.

解决方案2也会遇到和1的一些相似的问题,了解非法数据会过时,因为新的攻击技术也在发展。

解决方案3可能是三种方法中最好的,但是比较难于执行。

从安全角度来考虑可能最好多解决方法是把解决方案2和3结合起来只允许合法的输入,然后再寻找非法字符。

一个必须结合这两种途径的例子是带有连字符的名字的问题:

Question Bassington-Bassington

我们必须在合法输入里允许连字符号,但是也要明白字符串'--'在SQL-Server里意味着什么。

当数据整理结合了非法字符验证时另一个问题就会发生。假设我们应用“非法字符探测器”来探测'--','select'和'union'”后使用“数据整理过滤器”删除单引号,攻击者就可以指定这样的输入:

uni'on sel'ect @@version-'-

因为单引号被过滤器删除了,攻击者可以把单引号散布于它的已知的非法字符串里来躲避检查。

下面是一些验证的代码:

方法1-躲避单引号

function escape( input )
input = replace(input, "'", "''")
escape = input
end function

方法2-抵制已知的非法输入

function validate_string( input )
know_bad = array( "select", "insert", "update", "delete", "drop", "--", "'")
validate_string = true
for i = lbound( know_bad ) to ubound( known_bad )
if( instr( 1, input, known_bad(i), vbtextcompare) 0 )
validate_string = false
exit function
end if
next
end function

方法3-只允许合法输入

function validatepassword( input )
good_password_chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
validatepassword = true
for i = 1 to len( input )
c = mid( input, i, 1 )
if ( instr( good_password_chars, c ) = 0 ) then
validatepassword = false
exit function
end if
next
end function


[SQL Server 防御]

最重要的一点是必须防范SQLServer,’out of the box’并不安全。这里有一当创建SQL-Server构架要做的事情的简明清单:

1.决定连接到服务器的方法
a.使用’Network utility’检验你使用的网络库是可用的
2.检查哪些帐号存在
a.为程序创建低权限帐号
b.删除不需要的帐号
c.确保所有的帐号都有一个健壮的密码;在一个正常运行一个密码审计脚本(比如附录里提供了一个)。
3.检查哪些对象存在
a.许多扩展存储可以安全的删除,如果这些已经做了考虑删除一些包含扩展存储的dll
b.删除所有的数据库实例-比如'northwind'和'pubs'数据库
4.检查哪些帐号可以访问对象
a.应用程序用户所使用的访问数据库的帐号应该只拥有对所需要的对象的最小访问权限
5.检查服务器的补丁状况
a.有一些针对SQL-Server的缓冲区溢出[3],[4]和格式字符串[5]攻击(大部分是作者自己发现的)和一些其他的安全补丁,可能还有更多的漏洞存在
6.检验日志记录些什么,和日志可以做些什么。

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