Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL中rand函数随机取数据介绍

MySQL中rand函数随机取数据介绍

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:52 PM
rand

在mysql或mssql中都带了随机取数据的函数,在mysql中我们会有rand()函数,很多朋友都会直接使用,如果几百条数据肯定没事,如果几万或百万时你会发现,直接使用是错误的。下面我来介绍随机取数据一些优化方法。

 代码如下 复制代码

SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY rand() LIMIT 5;

rand在手册里是这么说的:
RAND()
RAND(N)
返回在范围0到1.0内的随机浮点值。如果一个整数参数N被指定,它被用作种子值。

 代码如下 复制代码
mysql> select RAND();
        -> 0.5925
mysql> select RAND(20);
        -> 0.1811
mysql> select RAND(20);
        -> 0.1811
mysql> select RAND();
        -> 0.2079
mysql> select RAND();
        -> 0.7888

你不能在一个ORDER BY子句用RAND()值使用列,因为ORDER BY将重复计算列多次。然而在MySQL3.23中,你可以做: SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY RAND(),这是有利于得到一个来自SELECT * FROM table1,table2 WHERE a=b AND c

网上基本上都是查询max(id) * rand()来随机获取数据。
 
 

 代码如下 复制代码
SELECT *
FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2
WHERE t1.id >= t2.id
ORDER BY t1.id ASC LIMIT 5;

但是这样会产生连续的5条记录。解决办法只能是每次查询一条,查询5次。即便如此也值得,因为15万条的表,查询只需要0.01秒不到。
 
上面的语句采用的是JOIN,mysql的论坛上有人使用
 
 

 代码如下 复制代码
SELECT *
FROM `table`
WHERE id >= (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `table` )
ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;

我测试了一下,需要0.5秒,速度也不错,但是跟上面的语句还是有很大差距


后来请教了baidu,得到如下代码

完整查询语句是:
 

 代码如下 复制代码
 
SELECT * FROM `table`
WHERE id >= (SELECT floor( RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) + (SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`))) 
ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;

 

 代码如下 复制代码

SELECT *
FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`))+(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2
WHERE t1.id >= t2.id
ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 1;

最后在php中对这两个语句进行分别查询10次,
前者花费时间 0.147433 秒
后者花费时间 0.015130 秒


执行效率需要0.02 sec.可惜的是,只有mysql 4.1.*以上才支持这样的子查询.


注意事项 查看官方手册,也说rand()放在ORDER BY 子句中会被执行多次,自然效率及很低。

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