MySQL中rand函数随机取数据介绍
在mysql或mssql中都带了随机取数据的函数,在mysql中我们会有rand()函数,很多朋友都会直接使用,如果几百条数据肯定没事,如果几万或百万时你会发现,直接使用是错误的。下面我来介绍随机取数据一些优化方法。
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY rand() LIMIT 5; |
rand在手册里是这么说的:
RAND()
RAND(N)
返回在范围0到1.0内的随机浮点值。如果一个整数参数N被指定,它被用作种子值。
代码如下 | 复制代码 |
mysql> select RAND(); -> 0.5925 mysql> select RAND(20); -> 0.1811 mysql> select RAND(20); -> 0.1811 mysql> select RAND(); -> 0.2079 mysql> select RAND(); -> 0.7888 |
你不能在一个ORDER BY子句用RAND()值使用列,因为ORDER BY将重复计算列多次。然而在MySQL3.23中,你可以做: SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY RAND(),这是有利于得到一个来自SELECT * FROM table1,table2 WHERE a=b AND c 网上基本上都是查询max(id) * rand()来随机获取数据。 但是这样会产生连续的5条记录。解决办法只能是每次查询一条,查询5次。即便如此也值得,因为15万条的表,查询只需要0.01秒不到。 我测试了一下,需要0.5秒,速度也不错,但是跟上面的语句还是有很大差距 完整查询语句是: SELECT * 最后在php中对这两个语句进行分别查询10次,
代码如下
复制代码
SELECT *
FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2
WHERE t1.id >= t2.id
ORDER BY t1.id ASC LIMIT 5;
上面的语句采用的是JOIN,mysql的论坛上有人使用
代码如下
复制代码
SELECT *
FROM `table`
WHERE id >= (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `table` )
ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
后来请教了baidu,得到如下代码
代码如下
复制代码
SELECT * FROM `table`
WHERE id >= (SELECT floor( RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) + (SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)))
ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;
代码如下
复制代码
FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`))+(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2
WHERE t1.id >= t2.id
ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 1;
前者花费时间 0.147433 秒
后者花费时间 0.015130 秒
执行效率需要0.02 sec.可惜的是,只有mysql 4.1.*以上才支持这样的子查询.
注意事项 查看官方手册,也说rand()放在ORDER BY 子句中会被执行多次,自然效率及很低。

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