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mysql left join用法分析

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:53 PM
left join

left join这个命令我们会常用到了,LEFT JOIN 关键字会从左表 (Persons) 那里返回所有的行,即使在右表 (Orders) 中没有匹配的行,下面我们来看看关于它的一些用法与其它命令配合使用的问题。

先看它的语法

LEFT JOIN 关键字会从左表 (table_name1) 那里返回所有的行,即使在右表
(table_name2) 中没有匹配的行。

LEFT JOIN 关键字语法

 代码如下 复制代码

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
LEFT JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

给个通俗的解释吧.
例表a
aid adate
1 a1
2 a2
3 a3
表b
bid bdate
1 b1
2 b2
4 b4
两个表a,b相连接,要取出id相同的字段

 代码如下 复制代码
* from a inner join b on a.aid = b.bid

这是仅取出匹配的数据.
此时的取出的是:
1 a1 b1
2 a2 b2
那么left join 指:

 代码如下 复制代码
select * from a left join b on a.aid = b.bid

首先取出a表中所有数据,然后再加上与a,b匹配的的数据
此时的取出的是:
1 a1 b1
2 a2 b2
3 a3 空字符
同样的也有right join
指的是首先取出b表中所有数据,然后再加上与a,b匹配的的数据
此时的取出的是:
1 a1 b1
2 a2 b2
4 空字符 b4

在left join中on 与where的分析

•ON 子句与 WHERE 子句的不同
•一种更好地理解带有 WHERE ... IS NULL 子句的复杂匹配条件的简单方法

ON 条件(“A LEFT JOIN B ON 条件表达式”中的ON)用来决定如何从 B 表中检索数据行。

如果 B 表中没有任何一行数据匹配 ON 的条件,将会额外生成一行所有列为 NULL 的数据

在匹配阶段 WHERE 子句的条件都不会被使用。仅在匹配阶段完成以后,WHERE 子句条件才会被使用。它将从匹配阶段产生的数据中检索过滤。

让我们看一个 LFET JOIN 示例:

 代码如下 复制代码

mysql> CREATE TABLE `product` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `amount` int(10) unsigned default NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
 
mysql> CREATE TABLE `product_details` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `weight` int(10) unsigned default NULL,
  `exist` int(10) unsigned default NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
 
mysql> INSERT INTO product (id,amount)
       VALUES (1,100),(2,200),(3,300),(4,400);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> INSERT INTO product_details (id,weight,exist)
       VALUES (2,22,0),(4,44,1),(5,55,0),(6,66,1);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> SELECT * FROM product;
+----+--------+
| id | amount |
+----+--------+
|  1 |    100 |
|  2 |    200 |
|  3 |    300 |
|  4 |    400 |
+----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> SELECT * FROM product_details;
+----+--------+-------+
| id | weight | exist |
+----+--------+-------+
|  2 |     22 |     0 |
|  4 |     44 |     1 |
|  5 |     55 |     0 |
|  6 |     66 |     1 |
+----+--------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> SELECT * FROM product LEFT JOIN product_details
       ON (product.id = product_details.id);
+----+--------+------+--------+-------+
| id | amount | id   | weight | exist |
+----+--------+------+--------+-------+
|  1 |    100 | NULL |   NULL |  NULL |
|  2 |    200 |    2 |     22 |     0 |
|  3 |    300 | NULL |   NULL |  NULL |
|  4 |    400 |    4 |     44 |     1 |
+----+--------+------+--------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

ON 子句和 WHERE 子句有什么不同?

一个问题:下面两个查询的结果集有什么不同么?

 代码如下 复制代码

1. SELECT * FROM product LEFT JOIN product_details
         ON (product.id = product_details.id)
         AND   product_details.id=2;
2. SELECT * FROM product LEFT JOIN product_details
         ON (product.id = product_details.id)
         WHERE product_details.id=2;

用例子来理解最好不过了:

 代码如下 复制代码
mysql> SELECT * FROM product LEFT JOIN product_details
       ON (product.id = product_details.id)
       AND product_details.id=2;
+----+--------+------+--------+-------+
| id | amount | id   | weight | exist |
+----+--------+------+--------+-------+
|  1 |    100 | NULL |   NULL |  NULL |
|  2 |    200 |    2 |     22 |     0 |
|  3 |    300 | NULL |   NULL |  NULL |
|  4 |    400 | NULL |   NULL |  NULL |
+----+--------+------+--------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> SELECT * FROM product LEFT JOIN product_details
       ON (product.id = product_details.id)
       WHERE product_details.id=2;
+----+--------+----+--------+-------+
| id | amount | id | weight | exist |
+----+--------+----+--------+-------+
|  2 |    200 |  2 |     22 |     0 |
+----+--------+----+--------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

第一条查询使用 ON 条件决定了从 LEFT JOIN的 product_details表中检索符合的所有数据行。

第二条查询做了简单的LEFT JOIN,然后使用 WHERE 子句从 LEFT JOIN的数据中过滤掉不符合条件的数据行

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