Home Database Mysql Tutorial 6点入手建立SQL Server 2000安全策略

6点入手建立SQL Server 2000安全策略

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:53 PM
server sql security strategy Establish

SQL Server 是一个关系数据库管理系统它最初是由Microsoft Sybase 和Ashton-Tate三家公司共同开发的于1988 年推出了第一个OS/2 版本在Windows NT 推出后Microsoft与Sybase 在SQL Server 的开发上就分道扬镳了Microsoft 将SQL Server 移植到Windows NT系统上

  SQL Server 是一个关系管理系统它最初是由Microsoft Sybase 和Ashton-Tate三家公司共同开发的于1988 年推出了第一个OS/2 版本在Windows NT 推出后Microsoft与Sybase 在SQL Server 的开发上就分道扬镳了Microsoft 将SQL Server 移植到Windows NT系统上专注于开发推广SQL Server 的Windows NT 版本Sybase 则较专注于SQL Server在UNIX 操作系统上的应用在本书中介绍的是Microsoft SQL Server 以后简称为SQL Server或MS SQL Server。

  SQL Server 2000 是Microsoft 公司推出的SQL Server 数据库管理系统的最新版本该版本继承了SQL Server 7.0 版本的优点同时又比它增加了许多更先进的功能具有使用方便可伸缩性好与相关软件集成程度高等优点可跨越从运行Microsoft Windows 98 的膝上型电脑到运行Microsoft Windows 2000 的大型多处理器的等多种平台使用。

  SQL Server 2000共有4个版本,分别是个人版,标准版,企业版和开发版,SQL Server 2008是微软出的SQL系列最新版本。

  Microsoft建立了一种既灵活又强大的安全管理机制,它能够对用户访问SQL Server服务器系统和数据库的安全进行全面地管理。按照本文介绍的步骤,你可以为SQL Server 7.0(或2000)构造出一个灵活的、可管理的安全策略,而且它的安全性经得起考验。

  一、验证方法选择

  本文对验证(authentication)和授权(authorization)这两个概念作不同的解释。验证是指检验用户的身份标识;授权是指允许用户做些什么。在本文的讨论中,验证过程在用户登录SQL Server的时候出现,授权过程在用户试图访问数据或执行命令的时候出现。

  构造安全策略的第一个步骤是确定SQL Server用哪种方式验证用户。SQL Server的验证是把一组帐户、密码与Master数据库Sysxlogins表中的一个清单进行匹配。Windows NT/2000的验证是请求域控制器检查用户身份的合法性。一般地,如果服务器可以访问域控制器,我们应该使用Windows NT/2000验证。域控制器可以是Win2K服务器,也可以是NT服务器。无论在哪种情况下,SQL Server都接收到一个访问标记(Access Token)。访问标记是在验证过程中构造出来的一个特殊列表,其中包含了用户的SID(安全标识号)以及一系列用户所在组的SID。正如本文后面所介绍的,SQL Server以这些SID为基础授予访问权限。注意,操作系统如何构造访问标记并不重要,SQL Server只使用访问标记中的SID。也就是说,不论你使用SQL Server 2000、SQL Server 7.0、Win2K还是NT进行验证都无关紧要,结果都一样。

  如果使用SQL Server验证的登录,它最大的好处是很容易通过Enterprise Manager实现,最大的缺点在于SQL Server验证的登录只对特定的服务器有效,也就是说,在一个多服务器的环境中管理比较困难。使用SQL Server进行验证的第二个重要的缺点是,对于每一个数据库,我们必须分别地为它管理权限。如果某个用户对两个数据库有相同的权限要求,我们必须手工设置两个数据库的权限,或者编写脚本设置权限。如果用户数量较少,比如25个以下,而且这些用户的权限变化不是很频繁,SQL Server验证的登录或许适用。但是,在几乎所有的其他情况下(有一些例外情况,例如直接管理安全问题的应用),这种登录方式的管理负担将超过它的优点。

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