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Oracle Export and Import简介

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:53 PM
export import oracle Introduction

1、Export/Import的用处 OracleExport/Import工具用于在数据库之间传递数据。 Export从数据库中导出数据到dump文件中 Import从dump文件中到入数据导数据库中 下面是一般使用他们的情况 (1)、两个数据库之间传送数据 同一个版本的oracleServer之间 不同版本

1、Export/Import的用处 
Oracle Export/Import工具用于在之间传递数据。 
Export从数据库中导出数据到dump文件中 
Import从dump文件中到入数据导数据库中 
下面是一般使用他们的情况 
(1)、两个数据库之间传送数据 
同一个版本的oracle Server之间 
不同版本的oracle Server之间 
同种OS之间 
不同种OS之间 
(2)、用于数据库的备份和恢复 
(3)、从一个SCHEMA传送到另一个SCHEMA 
(4)、从一个TABLESPACE传送到另一个TABLESPACE 
2、DUMP文件 
EXPORT到出的是二进制格式的文件,不可以手工编辑,否则会损坏数据。该文件在ORACLE支持的任何平台上都是一样的格式,可以在各平台上通用。DUMP文件在IMPORT时采用向上兼容方式,就是说ORALCE7的DUMP文件可以导入到ORACLE8中,但是版本相差很大的版本之间可能有问题。 
3、EXPORT/IMPORT过程 
EXPORT导出的DUMP文件包含两种基本类型的数据 
- DDL 
- Data 
DUMP文件包含所有重新创建Data Dictionary的DDL语句,基本上是可以读的格式。 
但是应该注意的是,千万不要用文本编辑器编辑之,oracle说不支持这样做的。 
下面列出的是DUMP文件中包括的ORACLE对象,分为TABLE/USER/FULL方式,有些对象 
只是在FULL方式下才有(比如public synonyms, users, roles, rollback segm ents等) 
Table mode User Mode Full Database Mode 
---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- 
--- 
Table definitions Table definitions Table definitions 
Table data Table data Table data 
Owner’s table grants Owner’s grants Grants 
Owner’s table indexes Owner’s indexes Indexes 
Table constraints Table constraints Table constraints 
Table triggers Table triggers All triggers 
Clusters Clusters 
Database links Database links 
Job queues Job queues 
Refresh groups Refresh groups 
Sequences Sequences 
Snapshots Snapshots 
Snapshot logs Snapshot logs 
Stored procedures Stored procedures 
Private synonyms All synonyms 
Views Views 
Profiles 
Replication catalog 
Resource cost 
Roles 
Rollback segments 
System audit options 
System privileges 
Tablespace definitions 
Tablespace quotas 
User definitions 

4、IMPORT时的对象倒入顺序 
在倒入数据时,ORACLE有一个特定的顺序,可能随数据库版本不同而有所变化,但是现在是这样的。 
1. Tablespaces 14. Snapshot Logs 
2. Profiles 15. Job Queues 
3. Users 16. Refresh Groups 
4. Roles 17. Cluster Definitions 
5. System Privilege Grants 18. Tables (also grants,commen 
ts, 
6. Role Grants indexes, constraints, audi 
ting) 
7. Default Roles 19. Referential Integrity 
8. Tablespace Quotas 20. POSTTABLES actions 
9. Resource Costs 21. Synonyms 
10. Rollback Segments 22. Views 
11. Database Links 23. Stored Procedures 
12. Sequences 24. Triggers, Defaults and Aud 
iting 
13. Snapshots 

按这个顺序主要是解决对象之间依赖关系可能产生的问题。TRIGGER最后导入,所以在INSERT数据到数据库时不会激发TRIGGER。在导入后可能会有一些状态是INVALID的PROC EDURE,主要是IMPORT时会影响一些数据库对象,而IMPORT并不重新编译PROCEDURE,从而造成
这种情况,可以重新编译之,就能解决这个问题。

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