Oracle 常用技巧和脚本
1.如何查看ORACLE的隐含参数? ORACLE的显式参数,除了在INIT.ORA文件中定义的外,在svrmgrl中用"showparameter*",可以显示。但ORACLE还有一些参数是以“_”,开头的。如我们非常熟悉的“_offline_rollback_segments”等。 这些参数可在sys.x$ksppi表中查出
1. 如何查看ORACLE的隐含参数?ORACLE的显式参数,除了在INIT.ORA文件中定义的外,在svrmgrl中用"show parameter *",可以显示。但ORACLE还有一些参数是以“_”,开头的。如我们非常熟悉的“_offline_rollback_segments”等。
这些参数可在sys.x$ksppi表中查出。
语句:“select ksppinm from x$ksppi where substr(ksppinm,1,1)=’_’; ”
2. 如何查看安装了哪些ORACLE组件?
进入${ORACLE_HOME}/orainst/,运行./inspdver,显示安装组件和版本号。
3. 如何查看ORACLE所占用共享内存的大小?
可用UNIX命令“ipcs”查看共享内存的起始地址、信号量、消息队列。
在svrmgrl下,用“oradebug ipc”,可看出ORACLE占用共享内存的分段和大小。
example:
SVRMGR> oradebug ipc
-------------- Shared memory --------------
Seg Id Address Size
1153 7fe000 784
1154 800000 419430400
1155 19800000 67108864
4. 如何查看当前SQL*PLUS用户的sid和serial#?
在SQL*PLUS下,运行:
“select sid, serial#, status from v$session
where audsid=userenv(’sessionid’);”
5. 如何查看当前的字符集?
在SQL*PLUS下,运行:
“select userenv(’language’) from dual;”
或:
“select userenv(’lang’) from dual;”
6. 如何查看数据库中某用户,正在运行什么SQL语句?
根据MACHINE、USERNAME或SID、SERIAL#,连接表V$SESSION和V$SQLTEXT,可查出。
SQL*PLUS语句:
“SELECT SQL_TEXT FROM V$SQL_TEXT T, V$SESSION S WHERE T.ADDRESS=S.SQL_ADDRESS
AND T.HASH_VALUE=S.SQL_HASH_VALUE
AND S.MACHINE=’XXXXX’ OR USERNAME=’XXXXX’ -- 查看某主机名,或用户名
/”
7. 如何删除表中的重复记录?
例句:
DELETE
FROM table_name a
WHERE rowid > ( SELECT min(rowid)
FROM table_name b
WHERE b.pk_column_1 = a.pk_column_1
and b.pk_column_2 = a.pk_column_2 );
8. 手工临时强制改变字符集
以sys或system登录系统,sql*plus运行:“create database character set us7ascii;".
有以下错误提示:
* create database character set US7ASCII
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
实际上,看v$nls_parameters,字符集已更改成功。但重启数据库后,数据库字符集又变回原来的了。
该命令可用于临时的不同字符集服务器之间数据倒换之用。
9. 怎样查询每个instance分配的PCM锁的数目
用以下命令:
select count(*) "Number of hashed PCM locks" from v$lock_element where bitand(flags,4)0
/
select count(*) "Number of fine grain PCM locks" from v$lock_element
where bitand(flags,4)=0
/
10. 怎么判断当前正在使用何种SQL优化方式?
用explain plan产生EXPLAIN PLAN,检查PLAN_TABLE中ID=0的POSITION列的值。
e.g.
select decode(nvl(position,-1),-1,’RBO’,1,’CBO’) from plan_table where id=0
/
11. 做EXPORT时,能否将DUMP文件分成多个?
ORACLE8I中EXP增加了一个参数FILESIZE,可将一个文件分成多个:
EXP SCOTT/TIGER FILE=(ORDER_1.DMP,ORDER_2.DMP,ORDER_3.DMP) FILESIZE=1G TABLES=ORDER;
其他版本的ORACLE在UNIX下可利用管道和split分割:
mknod pipe p
split -b 2048m pipe order & #将文件分割成,每个2GB大小的,以order为前缀的文件:
#orderaa,orderab,orderac,... 并将该进程放在后台。
EXP SCOTT/TIGER FILE=pipe tables=order

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