Home Database Mysql Tutorial Mysql表的七种类型详细介绍

Mysql表的七种类型详细介绍

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:55 PM
mysql

Mysql表类型都有哪些是一定需要知道的,下面就为您介绍七种Mysql表类型,希望能对您学习Mysql表类型有所帮助,需要的朋友可以了解下

学习Mysql数据库,Mysql表类型都有哪些是一定需要知道的,下面就为您介绍七种Mysql表类型,希望能对您学习Mysql表类型有所帮助。

MySQL作为当前最为流行的免费数据库服务引擎,已经风靡了很长一段时间,不过也许也有人对于MySQL的内部环境不很了解,尤其那些针对并发性处理的机制。今天,我们先了解一下Mysql表类型,以及它们的一些简单性质。

截至目前,MySQL一共向用户提供了包括DBD、HEAP、ISAM、MERGE、MyIAS、InnoDB以及Gemeni这7种Mysql表类型。其中DBD、InnoDB属于事务安全类表,而其他属于事务非安全类表。

DBD
Berkeley DB(DBD)表是支持事务处理的表,由Sleepycat软件公司开发。它提供MySQL用户期待已久的功能--事务控制。事务控制在任何数据库系统中都是一个极有价值的功能,因为它们确保一组命令能成功地执行或回滚。

HEAP
HEAP表是MySQL中存取数据最快的表。这是因为他们使用存储在动态内存中的一个散列索引,不过如果MySQL或服务器崩溃,这些内存数据将会丢失。

ISAM
ISAM表是早期MySQL版本的缺省表类型,直到MyIASM开发出来。建议不要再使用它。

MERGE
MERGE是一个有趣的新类型,在3.23.25之后出现。一个MERGE表实际上是又一个MyISAM表的集合,合并而成的一个表,主要是为了效率的考虑,因为这样不仅仅可以提高速度、搜索效率、修复效率而且还节省了磁盘空间。

MyIASM
MyIASM基于了IASM代码,应该可以说是IASM的衍生品,不过增加了不少有用的扩展。它是MySQL的默认数据表类型,基于了传统的ISAM类型,ISAM是Indexed Sequential Access Method(有索引的顺序访问方法)的缩写,一般来说,它是存储记录和文件的标准方法。与其他存储引擎比较,MyISAM具有检查和修复表格的大多数工具。ISAM表格可以被压缩,而且它们支持全文搜索,不过它们是事务不安全的,而且也不支持外键。如果事务回滚将会造成不完全回滚,从而不具备原子性。所以假如忽略事务以及访问并发性的话,并且需要执行大量的SELECT检索语句的话,MyISAM将是最好的选择。

InnoDB
InnoDB是MySQL 4.0之后推出的一种比较新的数据表类型,这种类型是事务安全的。它与BDB类型具有相同的特性,它们还支持外键。InnoDB表格速度很快具有比BDB还丰富的特性,因此如果需要一个事务安全的存储引擎,建议使用它。如果你的数据执行大量的INSERT或UPDATE,出于性能方面的考虑,同样应该使用InnoDB表。对于支持事务的InnoDB类型的表来说,影响速度的主要原因是AUTOCOMMIT默认设置是打开的,而且程序没有显式调用BEGIN 开始事务,导致每插入一条都自动提交,严重影响了速度。可以在执行sql前调用begin,多条sql形成一个事物(即使autocommit打开也可以),将大大提高性能。

Gemeni
Gemeni表,据听说也是在MySQL 4.0之后推出的,不过截至当前,很少有针对它的介绍,同样应用也就更少了,我们暂时不作介绍。

MySQL的数据表类型很多,其中比较重要的是MyISAM,InnoDB这两种。
这两种类型各有优缺点,需要根据实际情况选择适合的,MySQL支持对不同的表设置不同的类型。下面做个简单的对比:
MyISAM表类型是一种比较成熟稳定的表类型,但是MyISAM对一些功能不支持。
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