Home Database Mysql Tutorial Oracle行级锁的特殊用法简析

Oracle行级锁的特殊用法简析

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:55 PM
oracle

Oracle有许多的锁,各种锁的效用是不一样的。下面重点介绍Oracle行级锁,Oracle行级锁只对用户正在访问的行进行锁定。可以更好的保证数据的安全性,需要的朋友可以了解下

Oracle有许多的锁,各种锁的效用是不一样的。下面重点介绍Oracle行级锁,Oracle行级锁只对用户正在访问的行进行锁定。可以更好的保证数据的安全性。
如果该用户正在修改某行,那么其他用户就可以更新同一表中该行之外的数据。
Oracle行级锁是一种排他锁,防止其他事务修改此行,但是不会阻止读取此行的操作。
在使用INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE 和SELECT…FOR UPDATE 等 语句时,Oracle会自动应用Oracle行级锁行级锁锁定。SELECT...FOR UPDATE 语句允许用户每次选择多行记录进行更新,这些记录会被锁定,且只能由发起查询的用户进行编辑。只有在回滚或提交事务之后,锁定才会释放,其他用户才可以编辑这些记录。
SELECT...FOR UPDATE 语句的语法如下:
代码如下:
SELECT ... FOR UPDATE [OF column_list][WAIT n|NOWAIT][SKIP LOCKED];

其中:
OF 子句用于指定即将更新的列,即锁定行上的特定列。
WAIT 子句指定等待其他用户释放锁的秒数,防止无限期的等待。
“使用FOR UPDATE WAIT”子句的优点如下:
⒈防止无限期地等待被锁定的行;
⒉允许应用程序中对锁的等待时间进行更多的控制。
⒊对于交互式应用程序非常有用,因为这些用户不能等待不确定
4. 若使用了skip locked,则可以越过锁定的行,不会报告由wait n 引发的‘资源忙'异常报告
示例:
代码如下:
create table t(a varchar2(20),b varchar2(20)); insert into t values('1','1'); insert into t values('2','2'); insert into t values('3','3'); insert into t values('4','4');

现在执行如下操作:
在plsql develope中打开两个sql窗口,
在1窗口中运行sql
代码如下:
select * from t where a='1' for update;

在2窗口中运行sql1
代码如下:
1. select * from t where a='1';

这一点问题也没有,因为行级锁不会影响纯粹的select语句
再运行sql2
代码如下:
2. select * from t where a='1' for update;

则这一句sql在执行时,永远处于等待状态,除非窗口1中sql被提交或回滚。
如何才能让sql2不等待或等待指定的时间呢? 我们再运行sql3
3
代码如下:
select * from t where a='1' for update nowait;

则在执行此sql时,直接报资源忙的异常。
若执行
代码如下:
select * from t where a='1' for update wait 6;

则在等待6秒后,报 资源忙的异常。
如果我们执行sql4
4.
代码如下:
select * from t where a='1' for update nowait skip Locke d;

则执行sql时,即不等待,也不报资源忙异常。
现在我们看看执行如下操作将会发生什么呢?
在窗口1中执行:
select * from t where rownum 《3 nowait skip Locked; 在窗口2中执行:
select * from t where rownum《6 nowait skip Locked;
select for update 也就如此了吧,insert、update、delete操作默认加行级锁,其原理和操作与select for update并无两样。
select for update of,这个of子句在牵连到多个表时,具有较大作用,如不使用of指定锁定的表的列,则所有表的相关行均被锁定,若在of中指定了需修改的列,则只有与这些列相关的表的行才会被锁定。
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