Oracle中RAISE异常深入分析
当数据库或PL/SQL在运行时发生错误时,一个异常被PL/SQL运行时引擎自动抛出,oracle有三种方式抛出异常,需要了解的朋友可以祥看本文
有三种方式抛出异常1.通过PL/SQL运行时引擎
2.使用RAISE语句
3.调用RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR存储过程
当数据库或PL/SQL在运行时发生错误时,一个异常被PL/SQL运行时引擎自动抛出。异常也可以通过RAISE语句抛出
RAISE exception_name;
显式抛出异常是程序员处理声明的异常的习惯用法,但RAISE不限于声明了的异常,它可以抛出任何任何异常。例如,你希望用TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE错误检测新的运行时异常处理器,你只需简单的在程序中使用下面的语句:
RAISE TIMEOUT_ON_RESOUCE;
比如下面一个订单输入的例子,若当订单小于库存数量,则抛出异常,并且捕获该异常,处理异常
代码如下:
DECLARE
inventory_too_low EXCEPTION;
---其他声明语句
BEGIN
IF order_rec.qty>inventory_rec.qty THEN
RAISE inventory_too_low;
END IF
EXCEPTION
WHEN inventory_too_low THEN
order_rec.staus:='backordered';
END;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR内建函数用于抛出一个异常并给异常赋予一个错误号以及错误信息。自定义异常的缺省错误号是+1,缺省信息是User_Defined_Exception。RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR函数能够在pl/sql程序块的执行部分和异常部分调用,显式抛出带特殊错误号的命名异常。 Raise_application_error(error_number,message[,true,false]))
错误号的范围是-20,000到-20,999。错误信息是文本字符串,最多为2048字节。TRUE和FALSE表示是添加(TRUE)进错误堆(ERROR STACK)还是覆盖(overwrite)错误堆(FALSE)。缺省情况下是FALSE。
如下代码所示:
代码如下:
IF product_not_found THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20123, 'Invald product code', TRUE);
END IF;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
当异常抛出后,控制无条件转到异常部分,这就意味着控制不能回到异常发生的位置,当异常被处理和解决后,控制返回到上一层执行部分的下一条语句。
代码如下:
BEGIN
DECLARE
bad_credit exception;
BEGIN
RAISE bad_credit;
--发生异常,控制转向;
EXCEPTION
WHEN bad_credit THEN
dbms_output.put_line('bad_credit');
END;
--bad_credit异常处理后,控制转到这里
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
--控制不会从bad_credit异常转到这里
--因为bad_credit已被处理
END;
当异常发生时,在块的内部没有该异常处理器时,控制将转到或传播到上一层块的异常处理部分。
BEGIN
DECLARE ---内部块开始
bad_credit exception;
BEGIN
RAISE bad_credit;
--发生异常,控制转向;
EXCEPTION
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN --不能处理bad_credite异常
dbms_output.put_line('divide by zero error');
END --结束内部块
--控制不能到达这里,因为异常没有解决;
--异常部分
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
--由于bad_credit没有解决,控制将转到这里
END;

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