8种Nosql数据库系统对比
8种Nosql数据库系统对比 导读:Kristf Kovcs 是一位软件架构师和咨询顾问,他最近发布了一片对比各种类型 nosql数据库 的文章。文章由敏捷翻译 唐尤华 编译。如需转载,请参见文后声明。 虽然SQL数据库是非常有用的工具,但经历了15年的一支独秀之后垄断即将
8种Nosql数据库系统对比
导读:Kristóf Kovács 是一位软件架构师和咨询顾问,他最近发布了一片对比各种类型nosql数据库的文章。文章由敏捷翻译 – 唐尤华编译。如需转载,请参见文后声明。
虽然SQL数据库是非常有用的工具,但经历了15年的一支独秀之后垄断即将被打破。这只是时间问题:被迫使用关系数据库,但最终发现不能适应需求的情况不胜枚举。
但是NoSQL数据库之间的不同,远超过两 SQL数据库之间的差别。这意味着软件架构师更应该在项目开始时就选择好一个适合的 NoSQL数据库。针对这种情况,这里对 Cassandra、 Mongodb、CouchDB、Redis、 Riak、 Membase、Neo4j和HBase进行了比较:
(编注1:NoSQL:是一项全新的数据库革命性运动,NoSQL的拥护者们提倡运用非关系型的数据存储。现今的计算机体系结构在数据存储方面要求 具 备庞大的水平扩 展性,而NoSQL致力于改变这一现状。目前Google的 BigTable 和Amazon 的Dynamo使用的就是NoSQL型数据库。 参见NoSQL词条。)
1. CouchDB
最佳应用场景:适用于数据变化较少,执行预定义查询,进行数据统计的应用程序。适用于需要提供数据版本支持的应用程序。
例如: CRM、CMS系统。 master-master复制对于多站点部署是非常有用的。
(编注2:master-master复制:是一种数据库同步方法,允许数据在一组计算机之间共享数据,并且可以通过小组中任意成员在组内进行数据更新。)
2. Redis
最佳应用场景:适用于数据变化快且数据库大小可遇见(适合内存容量)的应用程序。
例如:股票价格、数据分析、实时数据搜集、实时通讯。
(编注3:Master-slave复制:如果同一时刻只有一台服务器处理所有的复制请求,这被称为 Master-slave复制,通常应用在需要提供高可用性的服务器集群。)
3. MongoDB
最佳应用场景:适用于需要动态查询支持;需要使用索引而不是 map/reduce功能;需要对大数据库有性能要求;需要使用 CouchDB但因为数据改变太频繁而占满内存的应用程序。
例如:你本打算采用 MySQL或 PostgreSQL,但因为它们本身自带的预定义栏让你望而却步。
4. Riak
最佳应用场景:适用于想使用类似 Cassandra(类似Dynamo)数据库但无法处理 bloat及复杂性的情况。适用于你打算做多站点复制,但又需要对单个站点的扩展性,可用性及出错处理有要求的情况。
例如:销售数据搜集,香港虚拟主机,工厂控制系统;对宕机时间有严格要求;可以作为易于更新的 web服务器使用。
5. Membase
最佳应用场景:适用于需要低延迟数据访问,高并发支持以及高可用性的应用程序
例如:低延迟数据访问比如以广告为目标的应用,高并发的 web 应用比如网络游戏(例如 Zynga)
6. Neo4j
最佳应用场景:适用于图形一类数据。这是 Neo4j与其他nosql数据库的最显著区别
例如:社会关系,公共交通网络,地图及网络拓谱
7. Cassandra
最佳应用场景:当使用写操作多过读操作(记录日志)如果每个系统组建都必须用 Java编写(没有人因为选用 Apache的软件被解雇)
例如:银行业,美国空间,金融业(虽然对于金融交易不是必须的,但这些产业对数据库的要求会比它们更大)写比读更快,所以一个自然的特性就是实时数据分析
8. HBase
(配合 ghshephard使用)
最佳应用场景:适用于偏好BigTable:)并且需要对大数据进行随机、实时访问的场合。
例如: Facebook消息数据库(更多通用的用例即将出现)
编注4:Thrift 是一种接口定义语言,为多种其他语言提供定义和创建服务,由Facebook开发并开源。
当然,所有的系统都不只具有上面列出的这些特性。这里我仅仅根据自己的观点列出一些我认为的重要特性。与此同时,技术进步是飞速的,香港服务器,所以上述的内容肯定需要不断更新。我会尽我所能地更新这个列表。
原文:Kristóf Kovács 编译:敏捷翻译 – 唐尤华
如需转载,但请注明原文/译文出处、译文超链接和译者等信息,否则视为侵权,谢谢合作!
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