Home Database Mysql Tutorial 使用 GUID 值来作为数据库行标识讲解

使用 GUID 值来作为数据库行标识讲解

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:57 PM
guid use

使用 GUID 值来作为数据库行标识讲解

GUID(Global unique identifier)全局唯一标识符,它是由网卡上的标识数字(每个网卡都有唯一的标识号)以及 CPU 时钟的唯一数字生成的的一个 16 字节的二进制值。

GUID 的格式为“xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx”,其中每个 x 是 0-9 或 a-f 范围内的一个十六进制的数字。例如:6F9619FF-8B86-D011-B42D-00C04FC964FF 即为有效的 GUID 值。

世界上的任何两台计算机都不会生成重复的 GUID 值。GUID 主要用于在拥有多个节点、多台计算机的网络或系统中,分配必须具有唯一性的标识符。在 Windows 平台上,GUID 应用非常广泛:、类及接口标识、数据库、甚至自动生成的机器名、目录名等。

在这次开发 ASP.NET 应用时,我大量使用了类型为 GUID 的 ID 列作为各实体表的关键字(键)。由于其唯一、易产生的特性,给应用程序处理带来诸多好处。

1、在 SQL Server 中使用 GUID

如果在 SQL Server 的表定义中将列类型指定为 uniqueidentifier,则列的值就为 GUID 类型。

SQL Server 中的 NewID() 函数可以产生 GUID 唯一值,使用此函数的几种方式如下:

1) 作为列默认值

将 uniqueidentifier 的列的默认值设为 NewID(),这样当新行插入表中时,会自动生成此列 GUID 值。

2)使用 T-SQL

在 T-SQL 中使用 NewID()函数,如“INSERT INTO Table(ID,... ) VALUES(NewID(),...)”来生成此列的 GUID 值。

3)提前获取 GUID 值

由于特殊功能需要,需要预先获知新行的 ID 值,也可以使用如下 C# 代码提前获得 GUID 的值,再存储到数据库中:

SqlCommand cmd = New SqlCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT NewID()";
string rowID = (string) cmd.ExecuteScalar();
cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO Table(ID,...) VALUES(@ID,...)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@ID",SqlDbType.UniqueIdentifier).Value = new Guid(rowID);
cmd.ExecuteNoQuery();

uniqueidentifier 值不能进行算术运算,但可以进行(意义不大的)比较操作和 NULL 检查;它不能象 IDENTITY 列一样,可以获知每行的增加时间的先后顺序,只能通过增加其它时间或时间戳列来完成此功能。

2、在 .NET 中使用 GUID

GUID 在 .NET 中使用非常广泛,而且 .NET Framework 提供了专门 Guid 基础结构。

Guid 结构的常用法包括:

1) Guid.NewGUID()

生成一个新的 GUID 唯一值

2) Guid.ToString()

将 GUID 值转换成字符串,便于处理

3)构造函数 Guid(string)

由 string 生成 Guid 结构,其中string 可以为大写,也可以为小写,可以包含两端的定界符“{}”或“()”,甚至可以省略中间的“-”,Guid 结构的构造函数有很多,其它构造用法并不常用。

同时,为了适用数据库中使用 GUID 的需要,.NET Framework 也提供了 SqlGUID 结构,它和 Guid 结构类似,只是两者对排序(CompareTo)的处理方式不同,SqlGuid 计算值的最后 6 个字节。而 Guid 计算全部 16 个字节,这种差异可能会给 SQL Server 中 uniqueidentifier 列的排序带来一定影响,当然这种排序意义也不大。

.NET Framework 中可以使用类 GuidConverter 提供将 Guid 结构与各种其他表示形式相互转换的类型转换器。


3、GUID 的优缺点

1) 优点

同 IDENTITY 列相比,uniqueidentifier 列可以通过 NewID() 函数提前得知新增加的行 ID,为应用程序的后续处理提供了很大方便。


便于数据库移植,其它数据库中并不一定具有 IDENTITY 列,而 Guid 列可以作为字符型列转换到其它数据库中,同时将应用程序中产生的 GUID 值存入数据库,它不会对原有数据带来影响。


便于数据库初始化,如果应用程序要加载一些初始数据, IDENTITY 列的处理方式就比较麻烦,而 uniqueidentifier 列则无需任何处理,直接用 T-SQL 加载即可。


便于对某些对象或常量进行永久标识,如类的 ClassID,对象的实例标识,UDDI 中的联系人、服务接口、tModel标识定义等。
2) 缺点

GUID 值较长,不容易记忆和输入,而且这个值是随机、无顺序的,所以使用时要注意场合,最好不要尝试用它来作为你的电子邮件地址 J


GUID 的值有 16 个字节,与其它那些诸如 4 字节的整数相比要相对大一些。这意味着如果在数据库中使用 uniqueidentifier 键,可能会带来两方面的消极影响:存储空间增大;索引时间较慢。

综合来说, GUID 的优点带来的便利远超出其缺点带来的影响,随着诸如 WebService 等系统互联与整合技术的不断发展,其唯一标识的特性使得其应用越来越广,在您的应用程序中也应考虑使用它了。
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

How to use magnet links How to use magnet links Feb 18, 2024 am 10:02 AM

Magnet link is a link method for downloading resources, which is more convenient and efficient than traditional download methods. Magnet links allow you to download resources in a peer-to-peer manner without relying on an intermediary server. This article will introduce how to use magnet links and what to pay attention to. 1. What is a magnet link? A magnet link is a download method based on the P2P (Peer-to-Peer) protocol. Through magnet links, users can directly connect to the publisher of the resource to complete resource sharing and downloading. Compared with traditional downloading methods, magnetic

How to use mdf and mds files How to use mdf and mds files Feb 19, 2024 pm 05:36 PM

How to use mdf files and mds files With the continuous advancement of computer technology, we can store and share data in a variety of ways. In the field of digital media, we often encounter some special file formats. In this article, we will discuss a common file format - mdf and mds files, and introduce how to use them. First, we need to understand the meaning of mdf files and mds files. mdf is the extension of the CD/DVD image file, and the mds file is the metadata file of the mdf file.

What software is crystaldiskmark? -How to use crystaldiskmark? What software is crystaldiskmark? -How to use crystaldiskmark? Mar 18, 2024 pm 02:58 PM

CrystalDiskMark is a small HDD benchmark tool for hard drives that quickly measures sequential and random read/write speeds. Next, let the editor introduce CrystalDiskMark to you and how to use crystaldiskmark~ 1. Introduction to CrystalDiskMark CrystalDiskMark is a widely used disk performance testing tool used to evaluate the read and write speed and performance of mechanical hard drives and solid-state drives (SSD). Random I/O performance. It is a free Windows application and provides a user-friendly interface and various test modes to evaluate different aspects of hard drive performance and is widely used in hardware reviews

How to download foobar2000? -How to use foobar2000 How to download foobar2000? -How to use foobar2000 Mar 18, 2024 am 10:58 AM

foobar2000 is a software that can listen to music resources at any time. It brings you all kinds of music with lossless sound quality. The enhanced version of the music player allows you to get a more comprehensive and comfortable music experience. Its design concept is to play the advanced audio on the computer The device is transplanted to mobile phones to provide a more convenient and efficient music playback experience. The interface design is simple, clear and easy to use. It adopts a minimalist design style without too many decorations and cumbersome operations to get started quickly. It also supports a variety of skins and Theme, personalize settings according to your own preferences, and create an exclusive music player that supports the playback of multiple audio formats. It also supports the audio gain function to adjust the volume according to your own hearing conditions to avoid hearing damage caused by excessive volume. Next, let me help you

How to use NetEase Mailbox Master How to use NetEase Mailbox Master Mar 27, 2024 pm 05:32 PM

NetEase Mailbox, as an email address widely used by Chinese netizens, has always won the trust of users with its stable and efficient services. NetEase Mailbox Master is an email software specially created for mobile phone users. It greatly simplifies the process of sending and receiving emails and makes our email processing more convenient. So how to use NetEase Mailbox Master, and what specific functions it has. Below, the editor of this site will give you a detailed introduction, hoping to help you! First, you can search and download the NetEase Mailbox Master app in the mobile app store. Search for "NetEase Mailbox Master" in App Store or Baidu Mobile Assistant, and then follow the prompts to install it. After the download and installation is completed, we open the NetEase email account and log in. The login interface is as shown below

How to use Baidu Netdisk app How to use Baidu Netdisk app Mar 27, 2024 pm 06:46 PM

Cloud storage has become an indispensable part of our daily life and work nowadays. As one of the leading cloud storage services in China, Baidu Netdisk has won the favor of a large number of users with its powerful storage functions, efficient transmission speed and convenient operation experience. And whether you want to back up important files, share information, watch videos online, or listen to music, Baidu Cloud Disk can meet your needs. However, many users may not understand the specific use method of Baidu Netdisk app, so this tutorial will introduce in detail how to use Baidu Netdisk app. Users who are still confused can follow this article to learn more. ! How to use Baidu Cloud Network Disk: 1. Installation First, when downloading and installing Baidu Cloud software, please select the custom installation option.

BTCC tutorial: How to bind and use MetaMask wallet on BTCC exchange? BTCC tutorial: How to bind and use MetaMask wallet on BTCC exchange? Apr 26, 2024 am 09:40 AM

MetaMask (also called Little Fox Wallet in Chinese) is a free and well-received encryption wallet software. Currently, BTCC supports binding to the MetaMask wallet. After binding, you can use the MetaMask wallet to quickly log in, store value, buy coins, etc., and you can also get 20 USDT trial bonus for the first time binding. In the BTCCMetaMask wallet tutorial, we will introduce in detail how to register and use MetaMask, and how to bind and use the Little Fox wallet in BTCC. What is MetaMask wallet? With over 30 million users, MetaMask Little Fox Wallet is one of the most popular cryptocurrency wallets today. It is free to use and can be installed on the network as an extension

Simple guide to pip mirror source: easily master how to use it Simple guide to pip mirror source: easily master how to use it Jan 16, 2024 am 10:18 AM

Get started easily: How to use pip mirror source With the popularity of Python around the world, pip has become a standard tool for Python package management. However, a common problem that many developers face when using pip to install packages is slowness. This is because by default, pip downloads packages from Python official sources or other external sources, and these sources may be located on overseas servers, resulting in slow download speeds. In order to improve download speed, we can use pip mirror source. What is a pip mirror source? To put it simply, just

See all articles