MySQL与存储过程的相关资料
MySQL与存储过程的相关资料
MySQL是“世界上最为流行的开放性数据库”,至少对于MySQL Web站点会这样。但无论MySQL如此流行,很多公司都对MySQL的使用抱有抵触情绪。这种现象来自几个原因,其中有些人错误地认为开放性源代码只不过相当于小孩子的积木游戏,而另一些人认为任何免费的东西都不会是好东西。也许这些想法都是误解,然而有一种抱怨却是合理的,即与其它对应的产品不一样,比如Oracle或者 DB2,MySQL不能够支持存储过程(stored procedures)。最新的MySQL 5.0能够支持存储过程。如果你对存储过程还没有熟悉,那么你可以认为它们只是存储在数据库服务器端的SQL命令和程序逻辑的集合。这些存储过程可以被应用程序调用,使得不同技术水平的开发人员能够建立自己的SQL。
优点 存储过程能够允许绝大部分的数据库访问逻辑与程序逻辑分离开来。使用存储过程的其中一个间接的优点是,程序的代码变得更加小巧和容易理解。存储过程的另一优点是,SQL可以被预先编译,由此提高了程序的速度。因为存储过程包含程序逻辑,可以在数据库服务器端更多地执行更多的处理。同样,当执行一个n-tier程序时,存储过程被用于将数据层与服务层分离开来。
安全性也是存储过程的另一优点。当不能直接访问表格时,程序可以将执行优先级别分配给存储过程。不幸的是,在这时候,MySQL不支持“授予执行(GRANT EXECUTE)”。这就意味着除非程序具有访问表格的权限,否则调用访问相同表格的一个存储过程也是不行的。使用这一特性有点像在做一个很有趣的赌博。
标准 与Oracle或者微软的相关数据库不一样,MySQL和IBM的DB2能够遵循存储程序的SQL:2003语法。在理论上这意味着,如果数据库结构相同,存储程序可以在不同数据库中使用。
可支持的SQL声明 虽然MySQL不能支持存储程序,但它却可以完成很多任务,如表A所示。除此之外,MySQL的stored procedure documentation(存储过程文档)描述了可用于Oracle的PL/SQL和SQL Server的 T-SQL的很多兼容特性。我对存储过程支持的印象是,它执行比较缓慢,目的是避免任何影响大型软件开发工程的步骤。
表A
MySQL 5.0支持存储过程语句。
重要的是,请记住当前的MySQL对存储过程的支持没有Oracle,SQL Server或者DB2的成熟。同样记住,具有少量的特性但却操作良好,这比具有大量特性但却错误百出的强得多,这一点更加重要。我知道这是一个比较奇怪的概念,但社区里的很多人有时候却被其它一些概念所迷惑。

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