TRUNCATE 快速删除表中的所有数据
删除表中的所有行,而不记录单个行删除操作。TRUNCATE TABLE 在功能上与没有 WHERE 子句的 DELETE 语句相同;但是,TRUNCATE TABLE 速度更快,使用的系统资源和事务日志资源更少。
备注与 DELETE 语句相比,TRUNCATE TABLE 具有以下优点:
所用的事务日志空间较少。
DELETE 语句每次删除一行,并在事务日志中为所删除的每行记录一个条目。TRUNCATE TABLE 通过释放用于存储表数据的数据页来删除数据,并且在事务日志中只记录页释放。
使用的锁通常较少。
当使用行锁执行 DELETE 语句时,将锁定表中各行以便删除。TRUNCATE TABLE 始终锁定表和页,而不是锁定各行。
表中将毫无例外地不留下任何页。
执行 DELETE 语句后,表仍会包含空页。例如,必须至少使用一个排他 (LCK_M_X) 表锁,才能释放堆中的空表。如果执行删除操作时没有使用表锁,表(堆)中将包含许多空页。对于索引,删除操作会留下一些空页,尽管这些页会通过后台清除进程迅速释放。
TRUNCATE TABLE 删除表中的所有行,但表结构及其列、约束、索引等保持不变。若要删除表定义及其数据,请使用 DROP TABLE 语句。
如果表包含标识列,该列的计数器重置为该列定义的种子值。如果未定义种子,则使用默认值 1。若要保留标识计数器,请使用 DELETE。
限制
不能对以下表使用 TRUNCATE TABLE:
由 FOREIGN KEY 约束引用的表。
参与索引视图的表。
通过使用事务复制或合并复制发布的表。
对于具有以上一个或多个特征的表,请使用 DELETE 语句。
TRUNCATE TABLE 不能激活触发器,因为该操作不记录各个行删除。有关详细信息,请参阅 CREATE TRIGGER (Transact-SQL)。

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