超详细mysql left join,right join,inner join用法分析
比较详细的mysql的几种连接功能分析,只要你看完就能学会的好东西
下面是例子分析表A记录如下:
aID aNum
1 a20050111
2 a20050112
3 a20050113
4 a20050114
5 a20050115
表B记录如下:
bID bName
1 2006032401
2 2006032402
3 2006032403
4 2006032404
8 2006032408
创建这两个表SQL语句如下:
CREATE TABLE a
aID int( 1 ) AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY ,
aNum char( 20 )
)
CREATE TABLE b(
bID int( 1 ) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY ,
bName char( 20 )
)
INSERT INTO a
VALUES ( 1, 'a20050111' ) , ( 2, 'a20050112' ) , ( 3, 'a20050113' ) , ( 4, 'a20050114' ) , ( 5, 'a20050115' ) ;
INSERT INTO b
VALUES ( 1, ' 2006032401' ) , ( 2, '2006032402' ) , ( 3, '2006032403' ) , ( 4, '2006032404' ) , ( 8, '2006032408' ) ;
实验如下:
1.left join(左联接)
sql语句如下:
SELECT * FROM a
LEFT JOIN b
ON a.aID =b.bID
结果如下:
aID aNum bID bName
1 a20050111 1 2006032401
2 a20050112 2 2006032402
3 a20050113 3 2006032403
4 a20050114 4 2006032404
5 a20050115 NULL NULL
(所影响的行数为 5 行)
结果说明:
left join是以A表的记录为基础的,A可以看成左表,B可以看成右表,left join是以左表为准的.
换句话说,左表(A)的记录将会全部表示出来,而右表(B)只会显示符合搜索条件的记录(例子中为: A.aID = B.bID).
B表记录不足的地方均为NULL.
2.right join(右联接)
sql语句如下:
SELECT * FROM a
RIGHT JOING b
ON a.aID = b.bID
结果如下:
aID aNum bID bName
1 a20050111 1 2006032401
2 a20050112 2 2006032402
3 a20050113 3 2006032403
4 a20050114 4 2006032404
NULL NULL 8 2006032408
(所影响的行数为 5 行)
结果说明:
仔细观察一下,就会发现,和left join的结果刚好相反,这次是以右表(B)为基础的,A表不足的地方用NULL填充.
3.inner join(相等联接或内联接)
sql语句如下:
SELECT * FROM a
INNER JOIN b
ON a.aID =b.bID
等同于以下SQL句:
SELECT *
FROM a,b
WHERE a.aID = b.bID
结果如下:
aID aNum bID bName
1 a20050111 1 2006032401
2 a20050112 2 2006032402
3 a20050113 3 2006032403
4 a20050114 4 2006032404
结果说明:
很明显,这里只显示出了 A.aID = B.bID的记录.这说明inner join并不以谁为基础,它只显示符合条件的记录.
LEFT JOIN操作用于在任何的 FROM 子句中,
组合来源表的记录。使用 LEFT JOIN 运算来创建一个左边外部联接。左边外部联接将包含了从第一个(左边)开始的两个表中的全部记录,即
使在第二个(右边)表中并没有相符值的记录。
语法:FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.field1 compopr table2.field2
说明:table1, table2参数用于指定要将记录组合的表的名称。
field1, field2参数指定被联接的字段的名称。且这些字段必须有相同的数据类型及包含相同类型的数据,但它们不需要有相同的
名称。
compopr参数指定关系比较运算符:"=", "", "=" 或 ""。
如果在INNER JOIN操作中要联接包含Memo 数据类型或 OLE Object 数据类型数据的字段,将会发生错误。

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