SQL学习笔记四 聚合函数、排序方法
SQL学习笔记四 聚合函数、排序方法,在数据调用中非常实用。
聚合函数 count,max,min,avg,sum...select count (*) from T_Employee
select Max(FSalary) from T_Employee
排序 ASC升序 DESC降序
select * from T_Employee order by Fage
先按年龄降序排列。如果年龄相同,则按薪水升序排列
select * from T_Employee order by FAge DESC,FSalary ASC
order by 要放在 where 子句之后
通配符过滤
通配符过滤用like
单字符通配符‘_'
多字符通配符‘%'
select * from T_Employee where FName like '_erry'
NULL 是不知道的意思,而不是没有
用SQL语句查询NULL的数据不能用=或 而用is NULL或者is not NULL
select * from T_Employee where FName is NULL
in(23,25)同时匹配两个值。相当于 23 or 25
between 20 and 30 匹配介于20到30之间的数
group by分组
select FAge, count(*) from T_Employee
Group by Fage
先把相同的Fage分一组,再统计每一组的个数
group by子句要放在where子句之后。如果想取某个年龄段人数大于1的,不能用where count(*) > 1 ,因为聚合函数不能放在where子句之后。要用having子句
Having是对分组后的列进行过滤,能用的列和select中的一样。如下例中则不能用having Fsalary>2000 只能用where Fsalary>2000
select FAge, count(*) from T_Employee
Group by FAge
having count(*) > 1;
限制结果集的范围
select Top 3 * from T_Employee
order by FSalary DESC
从第六名开始选3个.2005后可以用Row_Number函数
select Top 3 * from T_Employee
where FNumber not in(select TOP 5 FNumber from T_Employee order by FSalary DESC)
order by FSalary DESC

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SUM in Oracle is used to calculate the sum of non-null values, while COUNT counts the number of non-null values of all data types, including duplicate values.

The SUM() function in SQL is used to calculate the sum of numeric columns. It can calculate sums based on specified columns, filters, aliases, grouping and aggregation of multiple columns, but only handles numeric values and ignores NULL values.

MySQL's AVG() function is used to calculate the average of numeric values. It supports multiple usages, including: Calculate the average quantity of all sold products: SELECT AVG(quantity_sold) FROM sales; Calculate the average price: AVG(price); Calculate the average sales volume: AVG(quantity_sold * price). The AVG() function ignores NULL values, use IFNULL() to calculate the average of non-null values.

The COUNT function in Oracle is used to count non-null values in a specified column or expression. The syntax is COUNT(DISTINCT <column_name>) or COUNT(*), which counts the number of unique values and all non-null values respectively.

GROUP BY is an aggregate function in SQL that is used to group data based on specified columns and perform aggregation operations. It allows users to: Group data rows based on specific column values. Apply an aggregate function (such as sum, count, average) to each group. Create meaningful summaries from large data sets, perform data aggregation and grouping.

SC stands for SELECT COUNT in SQL, an aggregate function used to count the number of records whether or not a condition is met. SC syntax: SELECT COUNT(*) AS record_count FROM table_name WHERE condition, where COUNT(*) counts the number of all records, table_name is the table name, and condition is an optional condition (used to count the number of records that meet the condition).

The SQL SUM function calculates the sum of a set of numbers by adding them together. The operation process includes: 1. Identifying the input value; 2. Looping the input value and converting it into a number; 3. Adding each number to accumulate a sum; 4. Returning the sum result.

The HAVING clause is used to filter the result set grouped by the GROUP BY clause. Its syntax is HAVING <condition>, where <condition> is a Boolean expression. The difference with the WHERE clause is that the HAVING clause filters groups after aggregation, while the WHERE clause filters rows before aggregation. It can be used to filter grouped result sets, perform aggregate calculations on data, create hierarchical reports, or summarize queries.
