Home Database Mysql Tutorial MYSQL建立外键失败几种情况记录Can''t create table不能创建表

MYSQL建立外键失败几种情况记录Can''t create table不能创建表

Jun 07, 2016 pm 06:05 PM

当你试图在mysql中创建一个外键的时候,这个出错会经常发生,这是非常令人沮丧的。

像这种不能创建一个.frm 文件的报错好像暗示着操作系统的文件的权限错误或者其它原因,但实际上,这些都不是的,事实上,这个mysql报错已经被报告是一个mysql本身的bug并出现在mysql 开发者列表当中很多年了,然而这似乎又是一种误导。

在很多实例中,这种错误的发生都是因为mysql一直以来都不能很好的支持的关系的问题, 更不幸的是它也并没有指明到底是哪一个问题会导致上面那种错误,下面我把导致这个可怕 的150错误的常见原因列出来了,并且我以可能性的大小作了排序,已知的原因:

1、 两个字段的类型或者大小不严格匹配,例如,如果一个是INT(10), 那么外键也必须设置成INT(10), 而不是 INT(11) 也不能是 TINYINT. 你得使用 SHOW 命令来查看字段的大小,因为一些查询浏览器有时候把 int(10) 和int(11) 都显示为integer。另外,你还必须确定两个字段是否一个为 SIGNED,而另一个又是UNSIGNED, 这两字段必须严格地一致匹配,更多关于signed 和 unsigned 的信息,请参阅:

2、 你试图引用的其中一个外键没有建立起索引,或者不是一个primary key , 如果其中一个不是primary key 的,你必须为它创建一个索引。

3、外键的名字是一个已经存在的一个键值了,这个时候,你应该检查你的数据库以确保外健名字是唯一的,或者你在键名后面加上几个随机的字符以测试是否是这个原因。

4、 其中一个或者两个表是MyISAM引擎的表,若想要使用外键约束,必须是InnoDB引擎,(实际上,如果两个表都是MyISAM 引擎的,这个错误根本不会发生,但也不会产生外键),你可以通过查询浏览器来设置表的引擎类型

5、 你可能设置了ON DELETE SET NULL, 但是相关的键的字段又设置成了NOTS NULL 值。你可能通过修改cascade 的属性值或者把字段属性设置成 allow null 来搞定这个bug.

6、 请确定你的Charset 和 Collate 选项在表级和字段级上的一致

7、 你可能设置为外键设置了一个默认值,如 default=0

8, 在这个关系里面,其中的一个字段是一个混合键值中的一个,它没有自己独立的索引,这时,你必须为它创建一个独立的索引。

9、 ALTER 声明中有语法错误

最后:建立外键有点麻烦,可以直接用Myeclipse生成ddl。。。
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